In the critical aspect of rapeseed harvest, we must understand the rapeseed maturation process, the influence of different harvest periods on yield and quality, and master the standards suitable for the harvest period.
1, rape matures
The ripening process of the whole pod of rapeseed is consistent with the sequence of its flower bud differentiation, that is, the branching after the main sequence. The sequence of ripening of the main inflorescences is mature in the lower part and then matures in the middle and upper parts. The fruit ripening process and sequence on a branch are also consistent with the main inflorescence.
Since rapeseed has the characteristics of first flowering, first ripening, later flowering, later maturation, and uneven ripeness of pods, it also brings difficulties to the harvest of rapeseed. Therefore, the scientific determination of the appropriate harvest time of rapeseed is the key to high yield.
2. The suitable harvest period of rapeseed
The suitable harvest time of rape differs depending on the variety, planting density, air humidity and cultivation conditions. The general plant shape is tall and the branches are especially multi-branched; the whole plant upper and lower pods have a longer maturation time, and some varieties differ from the maturation of main pods to the middle and lower secondary pods. 12 to 15 days; the plants are compact, with few branches, and the whole plant is ripe for 6 to 8 days. With higher planting density, due to fewer branches per plant, the proportion of main inflorescences of pods is larger, and the proportion of pods of pods is smaller, so the interval between the upper and lower pods of the whole plant is short. Generally, in the case of a density of 20,000 plants per mu, the distance is 5 to 6 days. In areas with high air humidity, the whole plant has relatively long maturation intervals between the top and bottom corners, generally 7 to 9 days apart. The maturation period of the upper and lower pods of rape plants planted in hilly and infertile regions is generally 4 to 5 days, and the density is only 3 to 4 days.
It can be seen that the suitable harvest period of rapeseed can not be based on the mature stage of the upper pods of rapeseed plants or the mature stage of pods on the bottom. When the above pods are harvested at maturity, the lower pods do not reach maturity, affecting yield and quality; if the following pods are fully mature, then the upper pods will greatly exceed the mature period and crack corners, which will also reduce the yield and quality. The suitable harvest period of rapeseed should be based on obtaining the highest yield and oil content. It was determined that the oil content of the rapeseed main grain peaked 25 days after the final flowering, but the highest oil content of the branching grain was 35 days after the final flowering. In terms of grasping the appropriate harvest time for rapeseed, the rapeseed production area has the following saying: "80% of yellow, 10% of income, 10% of yellow, and 20% of lost". These experiences are related to the relationship between the maturity of rapeseed and the yield. In addition, some experienced people use the external appearance and color of rape as a criterion for judging the suitable harvest period of rapeseed. For example, "Scarlet fruit is yellow and harvesting is quite." It also used the color of rapeseed pods to illustrate the urgency of the harvest, such as the pods "in the white, yellow under the green, harvest can not be too afternoon" and so on. The peasant people's experience in harvesting rapeseeds is worth learning from them.
Seed color changes can also be used as a measure of the appropriate harvest period. A total of 10 central pods were taken from the middle of the main shaft and the middle and upper parts of the main shaft. The color of the seeds was peeled off. If the brown grains and semi-brown half red grains were half, it was a suitable harvest period. Due to different planting densities, the number of branches is different. When determining the appropriate harvest period of rapeseed, the proportion of pods collected at each site should not be the same. When the density is 210,000 plants per 666.7m, the proportion of pods in the main shaft, upper and middle branches is 3:3:4; if the density is 15,000-20,000, the proportion of pods collected should be 4:4. : 2; When the density exceeds 25,000 or more, the ratio is 5:4:1. Practice has proved that using this method of different angles of view has a certain degree of accuracy.
3, the harvest method
1 harvesting method.
Whether it is winter rapeseed production area or spring rapeseed production area, rape harvest should be harvested in the morning with dew, in order to prevent the main shaft and the upper part of the branch corner cracking corners. The harvesting process strives to achieve “four light†(light cut, light release, light bundle, light transport), and strives to minimize losses at each stage. When rapeseed is harvested, it must be collected, tied, pulled, and piled up. It should not be piled in the field and aired to prevent cracking of corners.
2 stacking and maturity.
The accumulation of rape after harvesting is related to maturity, production habits and climatic conditions. Since rape can be harvested at the ripening stage, in order to promote the ripening of partially incompletely matured pods, the harvested rapeseed should be piled and cooked in time. If direct drying is done in the field, the pod will quickly lose water and dry, nutrients in the stalks and keratin will no longer be transported to the grains, and pods will increase in size, reducing yield and quality. According to the survey, after eight mature rapeseeds were harvested, the direct drying was reduced by 4.9% to 6.3% compared with that of stacking, and the oil content was reduced by 1.3% to 2.1%.
The method of stacking is cylindrical, square, etc. No matter which type of cockroach shape is chosen, it should be selected in a place where the terrain is high and water is not accumulated. In order to avoid the accumulation of water under the armpits, bundles of rape or waste wood, etc., with bundles of pods should be placed under the armpits to facilitate drainage, moisture protection, and mildew resistance of the vegetables. In order to facilitate the transportation of nutrients in the stalks and pods of the rapeseed to the seeds, when stacking the rapeseed, the pods should be placed in the pods, and the stalks should be directed toward the pods to facilitate ripening.
3 threshing.
After 4 to 6 days of rapeseeds were stacked, the pods were decomposed by pectinase and the pod peeled. The rapeseeds had been detached from the pods. At this time, you can choose sunny weather, pay close attention to spreading the sun, rolling, threshing, Yang Jing, when the moisture dropped to 8% to 9% can be stored.
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