Xiaying County is located in the south of the Yanshan Mountains, and the Huangyaguan Great Wall runs through the town. The climate belongs to a warm temperate continental monsoon climate. It is characterized by a warm monsoon climate in winter and spring. It is hot and humid in summer and spring, with abundant summer rainfall, abundant rainfall, warm autumn and cool temperatures in autumn, cold and snow in winter, and a frost-free period of 180 days. The annual precipitation is 500 to 700 mm. The soil quality is leaching. earth. The superiority of natural climate provides the best conditions for chestnut production. Chestnut production in Xiaying Town has a long history and is one of the best-known Yanshan chestnut production areas at home and abroad. After the development in recent years, the chestnut cultivation area of ​​the town has reached 1,000 hectares and the annual output has reached more than 900,000 kg. As the main economic tree species of Xiaying Town, chestnut has become the main source of income for local farmers. In 1994, Xiaying Town was confirmed by the China Green Food Development Center as a demonstration area for green food production. It has superior conditions for the production of pollution-free foods. For example, full use of these natural conditions can give full play to the locational advantages and comprehensively promote the production of pollution-free fruit products, which can significantly increase the economy. benefit. Specific technical points are as follows:
Choose a good site
Non-polluting chestnut production areas should be selected from the production areas where the environment, water and soil conditions are good and there is no pollution source.
Site selection:
Chestnut tree is a deep-rooted tree species with developed root systems (lateral roots). Therefore, gneiss, granite, sandstone and shale areas with a soil thickness of not less than 50 cm, good drainage, low groundwater level, and good aeration of the soil should be selected. It is a neutral or acidic pH 5.5 to 7.2, 500 meters above sea level, a slope with a slope of less than 25 degrees, a semi-sunny slope, and a hilly half-shady slope.
Site preparation:
There are two ways: one is a trench-like method of soil preparation: the width of the trench is 80 cm in depth, and the horizontal distance between trench and trench is 3 to 4 meters. One is burrowed soil preparation: the length, width, depth of the hole is not less than 100 cm, and the distance between the holes is 2 to 3 meters in the horizontal direction and the horizontal spacing is 3 to 4 meters.
Choose strong seedlings and planting
Strong seedlings: strong seedlings are the basis for high yield, using two-year seedlings, seedling height 1 meter, ground stem 1 centimeter, main root length 30 centimeters, crude 0.4 centimeters, no less than 5 lateral roots, robust seedless seedlings that grow robustly.
Colonization: In the early winter or in early spring, the next camp area can be planted. The spring planting is in early April; the autumn planting is in early November and it must be buried to prevent cold. Plant spacing can be 23 meters or 34 meters and 55 to 110 plants can be planted per acre.
Bacterial wood grafting:
The second year after planting began grafting, grafting methods are many, mainly splicing, inserting skin and so on.
Select high-quality chestnut varieties that are suitable for local production, early results, high yield, and strong market competitiveness. When grafting, 2 to 3 pollination varieties need to be configured.
In the second year after grafting, the yield per mu can reach 5 to 15 kilograms, and the yield per mu can be doubled after 3 years.
Pruning
Early fruiting trees should be arbitrarily layered or naturally happy. Saplings are cut short in winter, picked up in the summer, and miss the dense branches, opening the angle. In the full fruit period, winter pruning is the main method, combined with winter and summer, so as to ease tree vigor, balance branching potential, adjust light, renew the resulting mother shoots, eliminate the thin and weak branches of female flowers in summer, and invalid branches.
Soil and Fertilizer Water Management
Basal fertilizer before planting, mainly organic fertilizer, 10 to 15 kg/plant, early spring return to Qingqiangou or application of urea 0.05 to 0.1 kg/plant. In the rainy season, the boron fertilizer is generally applied once every 3 to 5 days, and the amount applied is 0.05 to 0.15 kg/plant to prevent platoons. The orchards are watered once in winter and spring to promote flower bud differentiation and formation of the resulting mother shoots.
Pest Control
Chestnut susceptible to blight, can be used to plan dead trees, diseased trees, scraping lesions concentrated burn method. Before germination, combined with control of chestnut red spider spray 3 to 5 degrees lime sulfur, but also cure blight. 6 to 8 months of spraying 25% urine urine 1500 to 2500 times the liquid, the prevention and control of peach aphid and syriacus.
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