The low utilization of nitrogen fertilizers is a prominent problem that hampers agricultural production. In order to reduce the loss of effective components of fertilizers and increase their economic benefits, scientific and technical personnel in the agricultural sector have been conducting research, exploration and experimentation.
First, nitrogen fertilizer deep. According to tests, when the temperature is 29°C and the soil moisture content is 13.6%, ammonium bicarbonate is applied to the surface, and after 12 hours volatilization loses 5.49%; while the same fertilizer is applied deeper to the soil below 6 cm, volatilization loss occurs after 12 hours. Only 0.3%. It can be seen that deep application of chemical fertilizers can increase the utilization efficiency of fertilizers. Deep nitrogen fertilizer methods are: 1, deep base fertilizer. The fertilizer applicator is installed on the plough frame, and when the cultivator implements the arable land, the fertilizer is applied to the soil cultivating layer as the ploughshare is turned upside down. 2, while deep sowing seed fertilizer. The fertilizer application device and the seeding device are installed in the same machine, and the fertilizer is applied deep below or below the seed while sowing. It is necessary to ensure that there is a 3 to 5 cm soil isolation layer between the seed fertilizers to prevent seed and fertilizer from mixing damaged seeds. 3, top dressing deep. In the process of growing crops, fertilizer fertilizing device or top dressing device is installed on the cultivator, completing the processes of trenching, loosening soil, row fertilizer and soil covering, and applying nitrogen fertilizer deep into the roots of crops.
Second, mixed with other ingredients. 1. Add ammonium bicarbonate additive. Adding the additive of ammonium bicarbonate as a chemical additive in proportion to ammonium bicarbonate can effectively suppress the decomposition and volatilization of nitrogen, thereby increasing the utilization efficiency of ammonium bicarbonate by 3-4 times. 2. Incorporation of nitrogen fixing agent. The proportion of fixed nitrogen incorporation into the deep application of nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogen fixation can be increased 1.5-2.0 times, nitrogen utilization rate can be increased by 10% -30%. 3, urea and borax mixed application. Mixing urea and borax in a ratio of (400-500):1 can significantly reduce the volatilization loss of ammonia, increase the nitrogen utilization rate, and effectively prevent wheat grain from filling, rape from flowering, and cotton buds from being absent. Flowers and other phenomena occur. 4, urea and oxalic acid mixed application of cotton base fertilizer, such as by "nitrogen 200, phosphate fertilizer 140, potassium fertilizer 40, oxalic acid 5" ratio, nitrogen utilization rate increased by 17.3%, nitrogen loss rate decreased by 25%.
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