Filamentine is a freshwater fish that is a specialty of Southeast Asia. It is a kind of tropical fish that is both edible and ornamental. The fish protein is rich in ingredients, high in nutritional value, delicate in flesh, delicious in taste, rapid in growth, and high in population output. The seedlings of the year were raised in 800-1000 grams in 8 months, and the largest individual was 20 kg in weight. Farmers and consumers like it, and they are very popular in the international market. They are a kind of high-end economic fish. They are known as the "God of God" in Vietnam and other places. As the living habits of the filaments and their ecological environment are consistent with the climate in the south of China, and there are a wide range of feed sources, a few places in China have been introduced as ornamental fish in recent years. According to experts, if the use of earth-based ponds to grow long silk pupa, due to the close proximity of its physical and chemical factors to the natural environment, the growth rate of filaments can be greatly increased. The Fisheries Technology Promotion Station of Yingshan County, Hubei Province has introduced the Filaments from the An Giang province in Vietnam through the Provincial Fisheries Science Research Institute and has used the unique local geothermal resources for the development of pollution-free aquaculture. The breeding techniques are briefly described below and are for reference only.
Pond conditions are filamentous, tropical fish, and have strict requirements for water temperature. The suitable water temperature is 22°C to 32°C, and the optimum water temperature is 24°C to 30°C. The slower the water growth, the lower the water temperature when the water temperature drops to 16°C. When you stop eating, water temperatures below 12°C will cause frostbite and death. Therefore, it is necessary to select adequate cold and hot water sources, no pollution, moderate water and fat lean, convenient drainage and irrigation water as aquaculture ponds, with an area of ​​2 mu to 3 mu, water depth of 2 meters or more, water quality requirements of slightly alkaline, in line with the requirements of pollution-free culture The transparency is more than 35 cm. Because the fish fins are two hard filaments extending to the caudal fins, and the fish body is flat and wide, in order to prevent the bottom of the cement pool wall from scratching the fish body, the culture ponds are suitable for earth culture.
Seed stocking Although the requirement for dissolved oxygen in the water is not high, the long-filing diet must ensure reasonable density and suitable specifications in the breeding process. The methods and techniques for seedling stocking must also be emphasized in the feeding process.
1. Clear Pond Disinfection: Before stocking, when the depth of water is 20 cm per mu, throw in the whole pool of 130 kg to 150 kg of lime, and fully expose the sun. After 3 days, pour the pool water to a depth of 60 cm. After about 5 days to 7 days, the water level can be deepened. After the efficacy disappears, put the fish into the pool.
2. Fertilizer submerged ponds: Seedlings are planted with 150 kg of green manure per acre in front of the lower pond, and 3 kg of soybean milk per acre. When a large number of zooplankton, cladocera, copepods and zooplankton occur in the pond water, they can be released. Seedlings, and the pool water level gradually increased to 2 meters or so, top dressing organic fertilizer.
3. Stocking Density: The stocking density directly affects the growth rate and the outlet size of the filaments. The stocking size should be determined according to the fish size, quality, feed source, pond ecological conditions, management level, market conditions, etc. If the pond water supply is sufficient, Generally about 3.3 centimeters per mu can be stocked with 5000 to 7,000 seedlings, and 50 to 80 fishes per mu.
4. Restocking requirements: First introduced the requirements of pure varieties, specifications and tidy, disease-free and injury-free, swimming lively, healthy and strong. Secondly, the filaments should be raised monoculture. For polyculture, polyculture with filter-feeding, herbivorous fish should be adopted, and polyculture with omnivorous fish is not allowed. Finally, the fish body should be sterilized when the seedlings are released, and can be bathed with 3% saline for 3 minutes to 5 minutes or with 15 ppm to 20 ppm potassium permanganate for 15 minutes to 20 minutes. At the same time, attention should be paid to temperature-lowering ponds, and seedlings in the low-temperature period should be susceptible to hydromycosis.
The day-to-day management of feeding and management should be carried out in the “four fieldsâ€: diligent patrol ponds, diligent observation, diligent feeding, and prevention against diseases. In the specific feeding and management, the following aspects should be done:
1. Feed feeding: In the breeding stage of fish fingerlings, the animal feed should be the main feedstuff in the early stage. Full-price pellet feed should be put in the middle and later stages. The feed must be in compliance with the pollution-free breeding standard. The quality is excellent and the content of crude protein in the feed must be achieved. 30% to 50%, a variety of nutrients to balance, especially animal protein content should be sufficient. Feeding the fish 24 hours after entering the pool, twice a day, 9:00 am to 10:00 pm, and once every 4 pm to 5:00 pm, 50% of the fish and peanut cakes were fed and 10% of the fish's body weight was mixed. ~ 15% feeding, can also be used with seedlings formulated feed combined with silkworms, first fed for one month, and then fed compound feed. In the adult fish breeding stage, whole grain feeds with crude protein content of more than 30% can be fed, and the feed rate is 5%, which is divided into three feedings of early, middle and late dates. Since the diameter of filaments is small, attention should be paid to the choice of feed particle size.
During the feeding process, a random check should be performed every two weeks to adjust the feeding amount and method of feed in conjunction with the growth and feeding of filaments.
2. Water quality regulation: With the growth of fish and the increase of feeding amount, fish excrement and residual bait deposition exceed the self-purification ability of water body and cause water quality deterioration. At this time, water quality should be adjusted in time according to the actual situation. Generally change the water every half a month, changing the amount of water should not exceed 50% of the pool water, and pay attention to the temperature difference should not exceed 2 °C. Since the silkworms like to live in a calm water body and are accustomed to moving up and down vertically, they are required to have a proper depth of water, and it is not advisable to change the water frequently or in large quantities. In a pond where filaments grow, the surface of the water should not be covered by aquatic plants. Since filaments can also survive in brackish water, they require slightly alkaline water quality, and acidic water can easily cause disease. Therefore, the pH of the water should be raised in time, and some shell ash can be sprinkled in the pond or fermented. Livestock and poultry manure and other methods to be adjusted.
3. Disease prevention and control: Sphaerothecosis, head lice disease, white spot disease, rickets, trichoderma, and sores are frequent diseases of filaments. Filamentous silkworm disease should be mainly prevention, once the bacteria invade, it is extremely difficult to cure. Specific prevention methods are: First, keep the pool water temperature between 24 °C ~ 30 °C, when changing the water, pay attention to adjust the water temperature, to avoid excessive temperature; the second is to use 25ppm quicklime or 1ppm bleach every half of the Quanchiposa; Timely regulation of water quality, frequent cleaning of the food table, removal of residual bait dirt; Fourth, insist on feeding fresh baits, regular addition of drugs in the bait to prevent disease; Fifth, create a good environment, keep the pool wall smooth, no debris in the pool, production Careful operation in order to avoid damage caused by operating fish damage. In rainy, hot or cold weather, care should be taken to supervise and watch the ponds day and night. Problems should be found in a timely manner. In the event of disease, timely professional and technical personnel to diagnose and treat. Do not use illicit drugs when using drugs. Commonly used drugs for prevention and treatment include salt, lime, potassium permanganate, hydromyxin and trichlorfon and other antibiotics and insecticides.
4. Intensive management: In the breeding process, special management should be strengthened, day and night patrols, and problems should be found and solutions must be taken. Keep quiet around the pond to reduce human and animal activities so as not to cause stress reactions to the fish. It is also necessary to prevent the deterioration of water quality and take timely measures to treat the fish when it is floating or onset. The dead fish and sick fish in the pond should be picked up as early as possible, away from the deep burial, so as not to spread the disease or affect the water quality. At the same time, keep abreast of the breeding log, remember in detail the fish stocking, input products and fish growth, diseases, etc., and implement healthy breeding.
Pond conditions are filamentous, tropical fish, and have strict requirements for water temperature. The suitable water temperature is 22°C to 32°C, and the optimum water temperature is 24°C to 30°C. The slower the water growth, the lower the water temperature when the water temperature drops to 16°C. When you stop eating, water temperatures below 12°C will cause frostbite and death. Therefore, it is necessary to select adequate cold and hot water sources, no pollution, moderate water and fat lean, convenient drainage and irrigation water as aquaculture ponds, with an area of ​​2 mu to 3 mu, water depth of 2 meters or more, water quality requirements of slightly alkaline, in line with the requirements of pollution-free culture The transparency is more than 35 cm. Because the fish fins are two hard filaments extending to the caudal fins, and the fish body is flat and wide, in order to prevent the bottom of the cement pool wall from scratching the fish body, the culture ponds are suitable for earth culture.
Seed stocking Although the requirement for dissolved oxygen in the water is not high, the long-filing diet must ensure reasonable density and suitable specifications in the breeding process. The methods and techniques for seedling stocking must also be emphasized in the feeding process.
1. Clear Pond Disinfection: Before stocking, when the depth of water is 20 cm per mu, throw in the whole pool of 130 kg to 150 kg of lime, and fully expose the sun. After 3 days, pour the pool water to a depth of 60 cm. After about 5 days to 7 days, the water level can be deepened. After the efficacy disappears, put the fish into the pool.
2. Fertilizer submerged ponds: Seedlings are planted with 150 kg of green manure per acre in front of the lower pond, and 3 kg of soybean milk per acre. When a large number of zooplankton, cladocera, copepods and zooplankton occur in the pond water, they can be released. Seedlings, and the pool water level gradually increased to 2 meters or so, top dressing organic fertilizer.
3. Stocking Density: The stocking density directly affects the growth rate and the outlet size of the filaments. The stocking size should be determined according to the fish size, quality, feed source, pond ecological conditions, management level, market conditions, etc. If the pond water supply is sufficient, Generally about 3.3 centimeters per mu can be stocked with 5000 to 7,000 seedlings, and 50 to 80 fishes per mu.
4. Restocking requirements: First introduced the requirements of pure varieties, specifications and tidy, disease-free and injury-free, swimming lively, healthy and strong. Secondly, the filaments should be raised monoculture. For polyculture, polyculture with filter-feeding, herbivorous fish should be adopted, and polyculture with omnivorous fish is not allowed. Finally, the fish body should be sterilized when the seedlings are released, and can be bathed with 3% saline for 3 minutes to 5 minutes or with 15 ppm to 20 ppm potassium permanganate for 15 minutes to 20 minutes. At the same time, attention should be paid to temperature-lowering ponds, and seedlings in the low-temperature period should be susceptible to hydromycosis.
The day-to-day management of feeding and management should be carried out in the “four fieldsâ€: diligent patrol ponds, diligent observation, diligent feeding, and prevention against diseases. In the specific feeding and management, the following aspects should be done:
1. Feed feeding: In the breeding stage of fish fingerlings, the animal feed should be the main feedstuff in the early stage. Full-price pellet feed should be put in the middle and later stages. The feed must be in compliance with the pollution-free breeding standard. The quality is excellent and the content of crude protein in the feed must be achieved. 30% to 50%, a variety of nutrients to balance, especially animal protein content should be sufficient. Feeding the fish 24 hours after entering the pool, twice a day, 9:00 am to 10:00 pm, and once every 4 pm to 5:00 pm, 50% of the fish and peanut cakes were fed and 10% of the fish's body weight was mixed. ~ 15% feeding, can also be used with seedlings formulated feed combined with silkworms, first fed for one month, and then fed compound feed. In the adult fish breeding stage, whole grain feeds with crude protein content of more than 30% can be fed, and the feed rate is 5%, which is divided into three feedings of early, middle and late dates. Since the diameter of filaments is small, attention should be paid to the choice of feed particle size.
During the feeding process, a random check should be performed every two weeks to adjust the feeding amount and method of feed in conjunction with the growth and feeding of filaments.
2. Water quality regulation: With the growth of fish and the increase of feeding amount, fish excrement and residual bait deposition exceed the self-purification ability of water body and cause water quality deterioration. At this time, water quality should be adjusted in time according to the actual situation. Generally change the water every half a month, changing the amount of water should not exceed 50% of the pool water, and pay attention to the temperature difference should not exceed 2 °C. Since the silkworms like to live in a calm water body and are accustomed to moving up and down vertically, they are required to have a proper depth of water, and it is not advisable to change the water frequently or in large quantities. In a pond where filaments grow, the surface of the water should not be covered by aquatic plants. Since filaments can also survive in brackish water, they require slightly alkaline water quality, and acidic water can easily cause disease. Therefore, the pH of the water should be raised in time, and some shell ash can be sprinkled in the pond or fermented. Livestock and poultry manure and other methods to be adjusted.
3. Disease prevention and control: Sphaerothecosis, head lice disease, white spot disease, rickets, trichoderma, and sores are frequent diseases of filaments. Filamentous silkworm disease should be mainly prevention, once the bacteria invade, it is extremely difficult to cure. Specific prevention methods are: First, keep the pool water temperature between 24 °C ~ 30 °C, when changing the water, pay attention to adjust the water temperature, to avoid excessive temperature; the second is to use 25ppm quicklime or 1ppm bleach every half of the Quanchiposa; Timely regulation of water quality, frequent cleaning of the food table, removal of residual bait dirt; Fourth, insist on feeding fresh baits, regular addition of drugs in the bait to prevent disease; Fifth, create a good environment, keep the pool wall smooth, no debris in the pool, production Careful operation in order to avoid damage caused by operating fish damage. In rainy, hot or cold weather, care should be taken to supervise and watch the ponds day and night. Problems should be found in a timely manner. In the event of disease, timely professional and technical personnel to diagnose and treat. Do not use illicit drugs when using drugs. Commonly used drugs for prevention and treatment include salt, lime, potassium permanganate, hydromyxin and trichlorfon and other antibiotics and insecticides.
4. Intensive management: In the breeding process, special management should be strengthened, day and night patrols, and problems should be found and solutions must be taken. Keep quiet around the pond to reduce human and animal activities so as not to cause stress reactions to the fish. It is also necessary to prevent the deterioration of water quality and take timely measures to treat the fish when it is floating or onset. The dead fish and sick fish in the pond should be picked up as early as possible, away from the deep burial, so as not to spread the disease or affect the water quality. At the same time, keep abreast of the breeding log, remember in detail the fish stocking, input products and fish growth, diseases, etc., and implement healthy breeding.
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