Steam tablet technology is a process that expands, softens, and processes the grain into steam at a specified density by steam hot processing. After corn is treated with steam tableting, gelatinization of starch occurs, the tightly bound starch hydrogen bonds in cells are destroyed, the intermolecular force of starch is weakened, and enzymes are easily accepted, thereby increasing the digestibility of starch and reducing nitrogen And phosphorus emissions.
I. Effects of tablet corn on dry matter intake, milk production, and feed conversion rate of dairy cows
Feeding steam-flaked corn diets had no significant effect on dry matter intake of dairy cows and feeding on ordinary rolled corn, but milk production and feed conversion ratios increased significantly. This is because the corn, the main energy-supplying substance in the dairy cow's diet, has been treated with steam compression to improve the degradation and digestion characteristics of the starch in the rumen and small intestine, thus greatly improving the utilization of starch. At the same time, the ammonia concentration of ruminal fluid in dairy cows fed with steam-compressed corn diets can be maintained at a low level. The volatility before and after feeding is very small, which is conducive to the use of ammonia synthesis proteins by microorganisms. The simultaneous use of energy nitrogen can be achieved, and cows can be effectively improved. Digestion and use of nutrients.
Second, the effect of steam compression corn on the composition of milk
Steam pressed corn had no significant effect on milk composition, milk protein rate, lactose rate, non-fat solids content showed an increasing trend. Regarding the rate of milk fat, many foreign studies have shown that the use of steam-compressed corn has a tendency to decrease milk fat percentage. However, this study group showed that the milk fat percentage has increased to varying degrees, and there is a trend of rising first and then decreasing. The main reason was due to the difference in the amount of steam tableted corn and NDF content in the diet. Steam compression tablet corns increase rumen fermentation while increasing the digestibility of NDF in the diet. Increased fiber digestibility increases the proportion of acetate in the rumen, and the ratio of acetate propionate can be in a reasonable range. When the proportion of steam-compressed corn in the diet increases, propionate-type fermentation in the rumen gradually gains strength and fiber fermentation bacterium is inhibited, eventually resulting in a decrease in milk fat percentage.
Third, the effect of steam compression tablets on nitrogen utilization and emissions of dairy cows
Steam tablet can not only destroy the spatial structure of corn protein, increase the digestion and utilization of protein, but also increase the number of urea recirculation in internal organs and mammary gland tissue.
IV. Effects of Steam-Pressed Corn on Phosphorus Utilization and Emissions of Dairy Cows
For dairy cows, 69% of the phosphorus is excreted through the feces. About 30% of the phosphorus is excreted through the milk and only 1% of the phosphorus is excreted through the urine. It can be seen that the phosphorus of the dairy cow is mainly discharged through the feces and discharged through the urine. The phosphorus is scarce. The study group's study proved that the release of phosphorus in manure from steamed compressed corn can be reduced by 1.91% to 5.2%, and the dry matter intake of dairy cows has no significant effect, significantly improving the feed conversion rate and milk yield, and improving milk quality. .
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