Rice smut is a disease that damages the ear of rice, and it is a fungal disease that occurs in the late growth period of rice. Some people's image is called “swine droppingsâ€. In recent years, rice smut has been common in rice areas and has been aggravated year by year. , has become one of the main diseases of rice. The symptoms are: There is usually one to several grains on one ear, and up to a dozen or even several tens of grains are severe. The damage to the spleen of the affected ear is split first and outward to expose a light yellow block, and the affected area gradually enlarges. Becomes dark green, cracked, and emits dark green powder. Rice smut disease not only destroys the diseased grains, but also consumes the nutrients of the entire diseased ear, causing other grains to become incomplete. As the number of diseased grains increases, the rate of empty maggots rises significantly, and the weight of one thousand grains drops, resulting in serious deterioration of rice quality. Rice smut disease reduced the grain weight of rice grains, reduced the yield, increased grain size and rice, and reduced rice yield and quality. This pathogen contains human, livestock, poultry toxic substances and pathogenic pigments, which can cause direct and indirect harm to people.
1. Incidence conditions:
(1) The weather is closely related to the occurrence of rice smut. If there is a lot of rain and high humidity, the occurrence of rice smut is heavy.
(2) Varietal differences have a certain relationship with the severity of morbidity.
(3) The quality of cultivation and management is also related to the severity of the disease. Excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer causes late-maturing rice glutinous rice, which will aggravate the occurrence of diseases, and increase the number of sick ears and diseased grains.
(4) There is also a certain relationship with the number of pathogenic bacteria. The land that has suffered a severe onset in the previous year is likely to be heavy. Seeds with more bacteria, the incidence may be heavy.
3, control methods:
(l) Selection of high-yielding and disease-resistant varieties: In general, the occurrence of scattered ear type and early-maturing varieties is lighter, and that of dense- and late-maturing varieties is more severe.
(2) Select disease-free seeds and do seed treatment: combine salt water selection before sowing, eliminate diseased grains, soak in seeds with warm water at 57°C for 10 minutes, wash and sow germination; or add 0.5 kg of quick lime to add 50 kg of water, dip 30 to 35 kilograms of rice (combined with bastard disease prevention and control), soaking time is generally 15 to 20 °C for 4 to 5 days, lime water should be higher than rice, so that rice seeds are always flooded under the water layer.
(3) Removal of diseased bodies: The early detection of diseased grains should be promptly removed. The severely affected fields should be deeply turned after harvest so that the sclerotia and the curved ball will rot in the soil. Before the spring sowing, the field debris will be cleaned to reduce the source of bacteria.
(4) Scientific and rational fertilization: Fertilizers and organic fertilizers should be used as main conditions for fertilization in fields, and N, P, and K fertilizers should be used in conjunction with them. Do not apply nitrogen fertilizer too late.
(5) Chemical control: Generally, it is required to use medication twice. The first drug should be applied during the booting period of rice booting, and the second drug should be applied at the heading stage. Optional 20% Jinggangmycin crystal powder with 25-50 grams of mu; 25% of rice Qu wettable powder with 40-60 grams of mu; 20% Triadimefon wettable powder with 75-100 grams of mu; 50% of Fumei double 200 times Liquid; when the use of drugs should not be large water, and strive to fine droplets, usually 40-50 kg per mu water, until dew, rain, dry medication. Note that in case of rain within 3-4 hours after the fight, it is necessary to make up the spray in time.
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