First, choose nursery land. Nursery should choose more fertile sandy loam, or light, heavy loam soil, the terrain should be flat, adequate water, convenient transportation, groundwater level not more than 1 meter, soil thickness not less than 0.8 meters.
Second, land preparation. First, the plowing field will be fully plowed to a depth of 30-35 cm and applied to basal fertilizer (10,000 pounds per acre for manure or 200 pounds for manure and 100 pounds for compound fertilizer). Sprinkle ferrous sulfate 15-20 kg/mu to disinfect the soil. Then for the seedbed, seedbed north and south, in our province should use high bed nursery, bed width 1.6-1.8 meters (insert three lines) or 1-1.2 meters (insert two lines), do a good job of the three ditch (surroundings, car, waist ditch) Supporting, lowering the water table to ensure no dark stains.
Third, cuttings
1. Selection of cuttings: Poplar fine clones adapted to the climate and soil conditions of the region are used for breeding and the purity of the cuttings is guaranteed. In the production of nurseries, it is necessary to use a year-old seedling with good lignification and a normal developing lateral shoot to intercept the cuttings. At the same time, it must be ensured that it is robust, free of pests, and dry rods without mechanical damage for cuttings. It is absolutely impossible to pick and shoot from large trees or saplings.
2, mining time: generally collected in the early spring before the sap will flow, then the bottom of the seedlings into the water so that the seedlings fully absorb water. At this time, the nutrient accumulation in the branches is the most abundant. After storage under suitable conditions in winter, it can promote the formation of callus at the base of cuttings, which is conducive to cutting rooting in the coming year.
3. Spike: When cuttings are cut with seedlings, cuttings with too fine and too coarse ends at the ends of the seedlings should not be used. The retained part must have a high degree of lignification, and the shoots should be full and robust, free of pests and diseases. The cutting length is generally maintained at about 20 cm in the best, and the thickness is 1-1.5 cm. The first lateral bud at the upper end of the cutting should be intact, and the distance between the upper cutting and the first lateral bud should be 1 cm. When the cuttings are cut, the cuttings of the upper, middle and lower parts of the seedlings of the same variety are placed separately, and the seedlings are separated to avoid the occurrence of irregular seedlings and large seedlings.
4. Cutting cutting: The strips collected in autumn should be cut into cuttings according to the specifications, and stored after 50 or 25 bundles are tied neatly (or directly in autumn). Cuts need to use sharp branches or cut knives to the roots of the skin-based clones, the upper and lower incisions can be truncated. For callus-based clones, the incisions should be cut flat, the lower incision should be cut into a horse-ear shape, and the cutting degree should be 450. During cutting, special attention should be paid to maintaining a normal bud at the top of the cutting, and the upper cut should be selected about 1 cm above this bud. The upper end of the lower incision should be selected at the base of a bud where nutrient concentration is concentrated and rooting is easier.
5, cuttings storage: generally take the kiln storage over the winter. Attention should be paid to the kiln: (1) Digging the kiln in the sunny area with a high elevation; (2) The kiln depth is 1.2-1.5 meters, and the width is 1.5-2 meters. The length depends on the number of species; (3) The kiln floor is covered with a layer of 10 centimeters. Sand, and keep it moist; (4) When burying in the kiln, every 1-2 meters, insert a straw handle, in order to facilitate ventilation; (5) take measures to keep warm in the winter season; (6) should always check and find a kind of fever, Should be overturned in time; when the water is dry, the sand can be sprayed properly to keep it moist.
Fourth, cutting
1. Cutting time: It is advisable to cut in the middle to late March and mid-March, and it is better to cut the soil when the soil moisture is good after the rain. There are also winter cuttings, but in case of spring drought may affect the survival rate.
2. Pre-cutting treatment: The cuttings should be soaked in water for 3-4 days before cutting to increase the water content of cuttings, reduce rooting inhibitors, and increase rooting rate.
3. Cutting density: The density of seedlings has an important influence on the quality and yield of seedlings. The seedling density of afforestation seedlings in the plain dike area should be around 3,000/mu, which should not exceed 3,500/mu. The production of seedling nursery can use 3500-4000 strains/mu, not more than 4000 strains/mu, and the strips produced can reach a thickness of 1.5 cm, with few branches, many shoots and good quality.
4. Cutting method: Manual cutting, adopting two methods: line insertion and oblique insertion. In general, it is best to use a straight line. The cuttings on the cuttings are level with the ground or slightly above the ground, and can be slightly steadfast in the soil to make the soil and the cuttings closely. If the soil is more viscous, cuttings are longer or need to avoid the lower temperature of the soil, it can also be inserted obliquely (45 degrees). In the latter case, the top of the cutting should be inclined to the north.
V. Management of tending seedlings
1. Irrigation: Immediately after sowing, the seedlings should be soaked once, and immediately after the stems fall dry, they should be soiled. In summer, during the peak period of seedling growth, in the case of insufficient rainfall (drought year), it is necessary to timely fill water without waiting for rain, in order to ensure that the growth potential of seedlings is fully utilized. When the seedlings are transferred to the wintering preparation stage, irrigation must be controlled to promote the lignification of seedlings.
2, fertilization: to top dressing 2-3 times, reasonable topdressing available nitrogen and potassium fertilizers, top dressing time in the fast-growing period before and during the fast-growing period, the interval between two fertilizers can be about 15 days. Fertilizer can not be too late, so as not to cause seedlings growers, reduce the degree of lignification is not conducive to winter.
3, fixed strain: After cuttings cuttings, the first bud quickly expanded, cracking, new branches. However, sometimes the second bud, which is not buried deeply, will also be sprouted. Occasionally, adventitious buds will be formed at the incision (usually caused by mechanical damage of normal buds), and several shoots will be drawn out. After the twigs grow to 10 cm in length, one of the best growing shoots is selected for each strain, and the rest is cut off from the base. In spring and windy areas, fixed strains should be delayed slightly after the windy period is over.
4, loose soil weeding: In addition to soil after each irrigation should be soil, but also in the seedlings before mulching multiple loose soil. In order to prevent weeds and seedlings from competing for soil nutrients and moisture, we must implement the principle of “in addition to early, small, and in addition to†in weeding and weeding.
5. Pruning: Poplar seedlings are generally not pruned, and only the seedlings that are prone to lateral branching are harvested periodically. This method is effective for promoting high growth of seedlings, but it is not conducive to diameter growth. Two-year-old seedlings were planted and two pruning sessions were conducted before the nursery. The first time after the annual seedlings were defoliated in autumn, all the lateral branches were cut to promote the high growth of seedlings in the second year; Also pruned all pruning to improve the survival rate of the afforestation and transport convenience.
VI. Pest Control
1. Disease: From early June to mid-August, it mainly controls black spot and poplar leaf rust of poplar, and it is mainly controlled by triadimefon. It uses carbendazim or mancozeb and other fungicides to prevent melasma. The concentration of use depends on the circumstances.
2, pests: (1) dry stem weevil. Poplars are sprayed at a speed of 6,000-8,000 times before they are sprayed, and they can also be used as a double-kill pesticide 1500-2000 times liquid larvae and eggs. In late April, dimethoate and dichlorvos EC are used, and the ratio of medicine to water is 1:20. Inhalation of the medicament is performed with a syringe and injected into the larval discharge hole and foraging channel. In the adult stage, it is used to kill 6,000-8000 times of diltiazem or 1,500-2000 times of the dipstick. Liquid spray sticks kill adult worms; (2) Yang tussock moth. In April-May, larvae were sprayed with 1500-2000 times of double insecticide.
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