After the fruit has been harvested in November, the weather gradually gets colder and the apple trees begin to fall, but the temperature on the ground is not very low. At this time, we will take advantage of the opportunity to apply autumn fertilizer, fall tillage, clean the orchards before the early frost falls, Trunk protection and winter irrigation and other operations, the warehousing of the fruit must be grading, packaging, storage and other storage. The following Xiao Bian to share in detail how to manage the late autumn apple orchard?
First, soil and fertilizer management
Autumn fertilizer
After the apple is picked, it is better not to be late as soon as possible, and the sooner the fertilizer is applied, the better. Autumn Schiff base can make up for the nutrient loss of apple tree after picking, especially for trees with multiple fruits and weak trees and early maturing types. Early application of base fertilizer is even more important. It is usually done from the beginning of September to the falling leaves. Fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizer, so that the combination of soil and feeding is improved, and the combination of delayed effect and quick effect.
2. Foliage dressing
It has been proved that the spraying of 1% to 1.5% urea on the leaves 15 days before defoliation can prolong the lifespan of the leaves, enhance the function of the leaves, increase the photosynthetic intensity, promote the return of nutrients from the leaves to the tree and roots, and then increase the organic nutrients in the tree. content.
3. Pouring frozen water
The orchard with irrigation conditions should be filled with water in the tree tray before being frozen to meet the water demand for winter and spring; in orchards without irrigation conditions, the garden should be used for ploughing, water conservation, and safe wintering. Pre-winter watering can improve the ability of the fruit trees to resist cold, and is satisfied with the water needed for fruit trees to grow and develop in the spring. The specific heat of the water is large enough to maintain a relatively stable temperature in the soil and prevent freezing damage. The time should be in mid-November, when the temperature is -3 °C ~ 10 °C.
4. Trim
The fruit trees that need to pull branches should be carried out in the autumn. At the moment, the branches have the characteristics of easy-pulling, fast setting, and slow-reducing effect, in order to improve the maturity of the shoots and fullness of the buds. Pulling branches should be dominated by open angles of non-backbone branches, and the closing point of view should be around 80 degrees, which can help to moderate the tree potential and promote early results.
5. Orchard deep turning
It is usually done in early November after the harvest of apples. Orchard deep plowing can add the thickness of live soil layer, improve the ventilation conditions, and add the activity ability of microorganisms in the soil. And after deep-sweeping, many new roots can be promoted, root vitality can be improved, and nutrition and moisture can be absorbed.
6. Trunk Sokcho
Conditional apple orchards, before the deciduous leaves of young apple trees, trunk sows or wheat straw, not only help prevent the hare and other bites, but also conducive to cold winter.
7. Whitening trunk
Before the leaves of apple trees fall into the soil and freeze, a whitening agent is applied to brush the trunk and the main branches, which can reduce or prevent the burning of the fruit trees and freezing injury, and eliminate the overwintering pests in the split skin of the tree trunks, which together have the effect of preventing cold. The share of the whitening agent is: 5-6 kg of quicklime, 1 kg of salt, 12.5 kg of water, 0.05 kg of binder, 0.15 kg of animal oil, and 0.5 kg of lime sulfur stock solution. The concentration of the whitening agent should be applied to the tree trunk so that it does not squat down, does not scab, and can be thinly adhered to a layer.
8. Trunk protection
The trunk of the film tube is placed on the leaves of the apple tree before it is defoliated, and the young apple trunk sleeves planted in the fall are protected against cold to facilitate safe wintering.
Second, pest and disease prevention
Insect pest control After apple harvest, leafminers, crickets, leaf roller moths, etc. begin in the trunk, rough skin cracks in winter, maggots or larvae. Therefore, after the fruit is harvested, it is necessary to cut off pests and branches, scrape rough skin from trunks, bind grasses to trap overwintering pests, collect and burn them, and reduce the number of pests in the coming year. After the fall, apple aphid, peach borer, and beetle will infiltrate into the soil around the roots and overwinter, combined with fertilizers in the fall, deep-turning the tree disk, turning the diseased leaves, residual fruits, weeds, and pests overwintering on the ground. Into the depths of the soil, so that it can not be excavated next year, together, the soil will be overwintering pests out of the ground frozen to death.
Disease prevention and treatment Apple tree trunk disease mainly includes rotenia, rot, and dry rot. It is an important disease that affects the growth of fruit trees and the improvement of fruit quality. It mainly occurs in the tree of adult results. The young fruit trees with poor management methods also have attack. From the perspective of the onset of disease, the best time to use medicine is in mid-late-November. Combine scraping bark and scrape off lesions or lesions. Http://Content/5e460798-0cd6-4f83-b99c-9a68328e7d39?cType=2
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