How to grow zucchini? Xiaobian will explain its cultivation methods in detail from its seed selection, sowing, field management, pest control measures, etc.
I. Land selection and preparation
1. Land selection: Choose the land with medium and high fertility. The former sorghum is preferably sunflower, corn, wheat, and beans, and try to avoid planting in heavy land, saline, and infertile land.
2. Land preparation: Before turning over the ground or turning over the ground in front of the ground, 2000 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer per mu, 10 kg of diammonium phosphate, 5 kg of potassium sulfate and magnesium fertilizer, evenly spread into the ground for deep turning. In the spring of the next year, the company is in a timely state.
Second, soil and seed treatment
1. Soil treatment: Before planting, select soil pre-emergence herbicide for soil treatment (recommended to use Zhongdingling), which can effectively control weeds in the field. It must be used correctly according to the instructions. It is not advisable to increase the dosage and affect the emergence of seedlings.
2, seed treatment: (1) sun-breeding: seeding for 1-2 days before sowing, put an end to the sun on the cement floor, use wood to lightly turn, diligently turn to maintain uniform light to enhance seed vigor. (2) Picking: Picking up seeds that are broken, empty shells, and bud tips are destroyed. (3) Seed dressing: The coating agent only contains nutrients and no insecticidal ingredients. Mixing insecticides before sowing can effectively control underground pests.
Third, sowing
1. Sowing date: In order to avoid the high temperature during the flowering period, each area advocates the early broadcast in accordance with the local actual situation. When the ground temperature of 0-10cm is stable and the seeding is started above 10°C, it is combined with the weather conditions in the local week to avoid the effects of strong winds, rainfall and cooling weather on seeding and emergence.
2, sowing method: using drip irrigation under the membrane. It is recommended to plant rare plants: large and small rows, (70cm mulch) large row spacing 60-80cm, small row spacing 40cm, plant spacing 36cm, effective mu seedlings 2900-3200 plants. According to the local farming habits, dense planting can be used in the cotton area: (150cm mulch) 4 rows of sowing, large row spacing 80cm, plant spacing from the outside two rows 28cm, the inner two rows of plant spacing 36cm, effective mu seedlings around 3800 plants
3, sowing quality: in order to ensure that Miao Qi Miao Zhuang, should be combined with sowing or post-sowing, the sowing amount is accurate, the sowing depth is consistent, the seeds are even, not heavy, the broadcast is straight, the pass is accurate, The soil is tight, the suppression is true, and the sowing depth is 2-3cm.
4, with seed fertilizer: the soil without the application of fertilizer on the ground with 10 kg of fermented diammonium phosphate and 5 kg of potassium sulfate and magnesium fertilizer or 10 kg of compound fertilizer.
Fourth, field management
1. Check seedlings to replant: timely check seedlings, put seedlings, replant seeds, when the true leaves grow to 5-6 pieces, you can fix the seedlings, 1 hole and 1 seedling, stay strong and weak, reasonably close planting, avoiding the occurrence of excessive density Pests and diseases.
2, An Miao water: After the emergence of the seedlings, according to the soil moisture drops once an ampoule water, it is generally recommended that the dripping time is 4-5 hours, with potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2-0.5 kg, according to soil conditions with urea not more than 1 kg .
3, cultivating weeding: cultivating can play weeding, increase temperature and moisture, improve soil permeability, promote root growth, avoid root frostbite and hydrogen sulfide poisoning (black root), prevent premature aging of crops, improve drought resistance, and cultivate strong seedlings. From the emergence of the seedlings to the ridges before the ridges 3 times. The first time in the second leaf, the heart is drip, and the ploughing is 3-5cm; the second time depends on the weather and the dripping, the depth of the ploughing is about 10cm; the third time is in front of the 9th leaf, and the deep ploughing is 10-15cm. Sand land is recommended for soil. The cultivating requires that the topsoil be loose, not to damage the membrane, not to injure the seedlings, not to crush the seedlings, to not plough the tillage, and to have no weeds in the field.
4, foliar fertilizer: It is recommended to spray foliar fertilizer 2 times in the seedling stage, the first time in the 5-6 leaf stage, spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate; the second time in the 9-leaf one-heart period (before the bud), spray Apply potassium dihydrogen phosphate and boron zinc fertilizer. In order to better prevent powdery mildew, it is recommended to mix protective fungicides.
5, drip topdressing: gourd is a hi-fertilizer, hi-water crops, in order to ensure high yield and quality, it is necessary to adequately large water and large fertilizer, promote balanced fertilization, according to the role of nitrogen long leaves, phosphorus long roots, potassium long stems and fruits, seeds The expansion period of zucchini melon is the peak period of water demand, and the topping water is about 10cm in juvenile, which is combined with the high rate of double cucurbits. In the period of two melon body expansion, 8-10 kg of urea and low-nitrogen phosphorus and potassium are added. Drip irrigation fertilizer 8-10 kg. And the appropriate amount of boron, zinc, magnesium, calcium and other medium and trace element fertilizers must be poured through the fertilizer. The whole growth period is generally 7-8 waters. The later watering is based on the seedlings, and the potassium fertilizer is added. The watering interval is 7-10 days (adjusted according to the soil moisture).
6, remove the female flower self-delivered melon (the first melon): effectively reduce water and fertilizer loss, to achieve high production goals.
5. Pollination: Seed cucurbit is a monoecious and heterosexual insect pollination crop, especially in rainy weather. Humidity, poor light, low or too high temperature will affect pollination and fruiting, causing stiff buds, stiff fruit or fruit. .
1. Bee colony pollination: The bee colony should be moved in front of the seed hoist, and a box of strong bees per 5 mu can increase production by more than 30%.
2, artificial pollination: choose 7-10 in the morning, no more than 11 points at the latest. Remove the male flowers, remove the petals, gently spread the pollen on the mature female stigma, apply the pollen evenly, and give 3-4 female flowers per male flower.
Sixth, pest control: seed cucurbit pests and diseases have powdery mildew, downy mildew, blight, virus disease, disease, mites, red spiders and so on.
1. Powdery mildew: The general onset time is early July (wheat harvest period is the peak period); in the early stage of the disease, use 1% polymycin-resistant wettable powder 800 times solution, or 10% flusilazole (Fuxing) 7500 times solution , or 10% difenoconazole (Shigao) 1500 times liquid or triterpene ketone foliar spray control, the drug is used continuously for 2-3 times.
2, downy mildew: in the early stage of the disease, 80% of allicin (group) emulsifiable concentrate 20mL plus 10% trace element foliar fertilizer 20mL mixed evenly, water 30kg, or 72% frost urea manganese zinc (Kelu) can be Wet powder 600-800 times liquid, or 72.2% of the propofol (Plex) wettable powder 600-800 times liquid for foliar spray control, the agent is used alternately 2-3 times.
3, blight: seedling period with 40% Duofu (withered net) wettable powder 1000-1500 times liquid plus high-quality foliar fertilizer 100mL, mixed evenly after spraying. For drip irrigation, when the water is dripped, 25% of the ammonia-copper solution 200-250 mL is applied dropwise to effectively control the blight.
4, viral disease: First, timely prevention of mites caused by disease. Second, in the early stage of the disease, use 1.5% phytopathogenic emulsion 1000 times solution, or 20% toxic solution 500 times solution, or 20% virus Becker WP 1000 times solution spray control, interval 7-8 days to prevent 1 time, Continuous control for 2-3 times, the drugs are used alternately.
5. Epidemic disease: This disease is caused by excessive water volume in the later period. Note that the amount of water in the last two drops should not be too large, and clear water is strictly forbidden.
6, aphids: the initial stage, with 10% imidacloprid WP 1500 times, spray control 1 time.
7. Red spider: In the initial stage, it is sprayed with 73% of Kruth 1000 times liquid or 25% of Mn-manganese 1200 times.
Seven, harvest and matters needing attention
1. When the melon is wilted, the harvested old mature seeds are combined with the two ridges of the gourd. After the two melons are dried, the seeds can be harvested when they are full, and the seed can be taken by machinery.
2, drying: no clay, rain, cement, spread too thick, resulting in lower quality, must be spread thin and evenly drying on the shade.
3. Selection: It is recommended to use a large-scale air suction type selection machine.
Regarding the cultivation of zucchini, I will talk about it here for a while. I hope that the farmers who want to grow zucchini with high yields will be helpful. If you have any questions, please feel free to leave a message below, or continue to pay attention to the Hui Nong School!
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