Schisandra chinensis, an alias of Schisandra chinensis, is a perennial deciduous woody vine. In recent years, the market prospects at home and abroad are promising with good economic and social benefits. The cultivation techniques are summarized below for reference and reference.
First, the growth environment and morphological characteristics. In the seedling stage, Schisandra chinensis requires moderate shade, pleasant humus and light, deep soil humus or loose and fertile loam.
Schisandra chinensis is a perennial deciduous woody rattan with a left-handed direction. It has a height (length) of 10-15 meters, usually 4-8 meters. The schisandra schisandra is born in a soil that is moist and water-free. It is wet but not resistant to flooding. Hi light does not like bright light. Old vines dark brown, young or red vine sauce, lenticels; single leaves alternate, petiole young red, broadly obovate to broadly elliptic leaves, margins with sparse teeth; buds mixed buds; flower unisexual androgynous Plants, petals ligulate, axillary, with long stalks drooping: fruit is a polymerized berry, fleshy, integrated long-spiral slightly spherical, mature red, dry surface folds; seed kidney-shaped yellow surface smooth, seed oily; root Inconspicuous, with roots, transversely underground, upper nodes, flaky leaves and buds on the nodes, distributed in the 5-15 cm underground, once exposed to the ground, develop into branches.
Second, biological characteristics
1, hi light sex: In addition to the annual seedlings afraid of the sun exposure, they are full of sunshine. Lack of light, slow growth, the rate of decline.
2, shade-resistant: In low-light conditions, long-term growth will not die. Therefore, it is suitable to have a shadowing degree of about 20% during growth.
3, cold resistance: Schisandra can safely overwintering at minus 35 °C, minus 40 °C can only make the top of the seedlings and new shoots slightly frostbite, basically does not affect the growth of the following year. When the leaves begin to spring, they will be exposed to normal frost damage. The stems will not be frozen at 0°C. After freezing, it can continue to grow, but the new leaves will fall off and grow newer leaves. In the fall, early frost damage was encountered, and the stems were not damaged due to successive loss of leaves.
4, hi wet drought resistance: the seedling stage of large leaves, evaporation, not cold. Schizandra chinensis is also afraid of phlegm, and the accumulation of water in low-lying or long-term excessive wet soil is not conducive to growth.
5. Reproducibility: During the growth period or dormancy period, the main schisandra of schisandra chinensis is mechanically dead and the underground root still survives. From May to July each year, many roots are drilled from the roots and underground stems of Schisandra. However, Schisandra seedlings do not possess this property.
6. The growth and development are dynamic: the roots of Schisandra chinensis begin to germinate when the temperature reaches about 6°C, gradually prosper with flowering and young fruit expansion, and grow slowly after the berry mature period. The growth of schisandra twigs is after sprouting, and the shoots begin to grow slowly. In June, the temperature grows rapidly at about 20°C; in the early July, the growth peak is reached; at the end of August, the shoot growth ends. After the berry grows, the ovary expands rapidly after the final flowering. When the temperature reaches 25°C, the heart chamber and the pulp in the fruit grow vigorously, and the growth of young fruit reaches a peak.
Third, nursery technology
(I) Sexual reproduction
(1) Seed collection: Manual harvesting is carried out when seeds mature at the end of August-September, and after harvesting (or soaking in water for several days before seed treatment), the pulp is removed and the grains are rinsed off.
(2) Seed treatment: In late December, the seeds to be treated will be soaked in water for about one week to make them fully absorb water, change the water every 2 days, and remove and mix the dry and disinfected river sand. The ratio of sand to sand is 1:3 and the humidity is 60. %the above. Then put it into a wooden box or a flower pot and put it into a pot pit of about 50 centimeters in depth. Cover it with 10-15 centimeters of fine clay on the top and cover it with a straw curtain for low-temperature treatment. You can sow in May of next year.
(3) Selecting land, site preparation, bed making, and base fertilizer: Select sandy soil with good drainage, loose soil, and strong water retention and fertility. Do autumn or spring flips, pick up well, and do meticulous preparations. Apply base fertilizer, Mushi cooked pig manure 2500 kg. Before planting, nursery beds should be made. The bed width is 1-1.2 meters, bed height is 15 centimeters, and the length of bed is determined by the topography.
(4) Seeding: Seeds treated with germination are sowed in spring from the end of April to the beginning of May. The sowing method uses horizontal seeding. The seeds are evenly scattered into the ditch with a spacing of 10-15 cm and a ditch depth of 3-4 cm. -3 cm thick fine soil. Sowing volume 25-30 grams per square meter. Slightly suppress, level the surface, apply water, and cover a thin layer of grass on the surface to keep the soil moist to facilitate emergence.
(5) Seedling management: After sowing, regular watering is needed to keep the soil on the bed moist. After 30-40 days, seedlings can emerge one after another. In mid-June, it is the peak of emergence. In early July, the seedling process lasts for about 30 days. After the seedlings are unearthed, the cover is removed. When emerged to 60%, it is necessary to put a shady shade in time. The height of the shade shelter is 60-70 cm and the grass curtain or curtain is covered. When the seedlings grow out of 4-5 true leaves, shade curtains can be removed, and weeding ripping seedlings can be planted at the same time. The distance between the seedlings should be 7-10 cm to cultivate large seedlings and strong seedlings. The bed that has been applied with basal fertilizer can no longer be topdressed. For the first application of basal fertilizer, the first application of fertilizer is to apply 20-25 grams of ammonium nitrate per square meter, and the second application of fertilizer is to apply 30-40 grams of diammonium phosphate per square meter at a seedling height of about 10 cm. The fertilization method is applied between the rows and the ditch is 3-5 cm deep. After fertilization, the number of waterings should be increased appropriately to facilitate seedling growth.
(B) Asexual reproduction
In early April, the flow of schisandra twigs was selected. The 1 year old shoots were cut into 15 cm long cuttings and soaked in 150 ppm ABT1 rooting powder for 6 hours. Then they were planted at a spacing of 3-5 cm and a depth of 5 cm. in. The transplanting should be performed in advance by mixing 3 parts of humus and 1 part of sand. Inserts and inserts into a 45, the cuttings should be neat and consistent, cross into the line, drenched water.
Fourth, seedlings out of the nursery and planting
1. Seedling nursery: Sexual propagation of nursery stock is selected for 2 years of growth, and the roots of the main root are intact. After planting, seedlings should be grown slowly and grow vigorously; the lignification of stalked seedlings of vegetative cuttings can be raised to 10-20 cm. Full watering before lifting, until the water seeps when the soil is dry and then digging to ensure the quality of seedlings. Seedlings that are not shipped or can't be planted should be stored under false preserving conditions. Choose a width of 100-150 cm wide, 30-50 cm deep, and a suitable length of false ploughing trench to the sunny plot or the original nursery. The direction is exactly south and north. Sway the seedlings downwards toward the sun and place 40 rows in line with the ground. Each pendulum is covered with wet sand, and the upper part is 1/3 higher than the ground, covered with wet grass or grass curtains.
2, seedling planting: from late April to late June can be planted. The planting hole was planted on the planting trench that had been added back. The plant spacing was 1 meter. The rope can be fixed to maintain the orderliness. After the hole is drilled, a hole with a depth of 30-35 cm and a diameter of 30 cm is drilled, and one plant per hole is planted. After filling the soil, pour enough water. After the water infiltrate, use soil to seal the hole. 15 days for seedling supplementation.
V. Field Management
1. Irrigation and Fertilization: Schisandra is hi and good for water, and it needs sufficient water and nutrients during the growth period. After becoming alive, we must always irrigate to keep the soil moist, and pour water 1 times before freezing to facilitate overwintering. Fertilizer is applied twice a year, for the first time before the leaves are opened in the middle and late May, and the second time during the flower bud differentiation period in mid-July. Each acre topdressing compound fertilizer 35 kg, potassium sulfate 10 kg, 15 kg of diammonium phosphate. The fertilization method is to open a 15-20 cm deep ring groove at a distance of 30 cm from the root and cover the soil with fertilizer. At the same time, the fall will be carried out in autumn each year. Each acre will be applied with 2,500 kilograms of high-quality manure, and will be planted in a furrow of 15-20 cm deep at a distance of 30 cm from both sides of the plant line.
2, scaffolding: planted the second year after planting, but also when the scaffolding. The rack uses a 2.6 m long, 8-12 cm diameter hardwood pole (preferably a cement pillar) for every 10 meters between the rows and 20 centimeters from the standing plant. Line, pull up every 50 centimeters upward, the iron wire should be straightened and tightened and tied with iron wire on the column (the cement column can be fixed before the casting nail). Then, a bamboo pole with a length of 220-240 cm and a diameter of 1.5 cm was erected at the base of each schisandra and the bamboo pole was fixed on the horizontal line with a rope.
3, the introduction of vines on the shelves: according to the main vine selected per plant in the left-handed direction to lead 1-2 main vines.
4. Pruning: It takes 3-4 years from the time of colonization of Schisandra to the beginning of the result. At this time, the main vine is selected to constitute the plant skeleton. Schisandra can be trimmed in spring, summer, and autumn. The spring shearing is performed before the shoots are sprouted. The overlying branches and the dead branches are cut off so that the dendrite densities do not interfere with each other moderately; the summer shearing is performed in early May, and the basal branches, overlapped branches, and diseased shoots are mainly cut off, and at the same time, the Density of new branches also need to be thinned and cut short, such as the summer can be cut lightly or not when the fall; autumn cut after the leaves, the main cut basal branches. No matter what type of pruning, you should choose to leave 2-3 basal branches and introduce them to the shelves.
5, tending: generally do not advocate cultivating weeding. Due to the shallow distribution of schisandra subtilis spreading, turning the soil layer should hurt the underground stalk and cause the basal branches to drill out of the ground. 4 times a year: The first time a large number of grasses occur in late May; the second and third time are carried out from June to July, after the big grasses are pulled out, the land is cleared; the fourth time in August, only Pull out the big grass. Through clearing and digging soil to inhibit the growth of weeds, thickening the soil, in order to facilitate the growth of underground stems.
Six, pest control. (1) Powdery mildew: often occurs in late July. In the middle of July, it was prevented with Bordeaux mixture (1:1:100), once every half month, 3-4 times in a row. Once spray occurs with 800 times triadimefon. (2) Leaf blight: spraying with 800 times the TB or TB or double effect spirit. (3) Root rot: The disease usually occurs from early May to late July, and is rooted with 50% carbendazim 800 times. Pay attention to keep the soil from collecting water. (4) Foam defects: often occur from May to August. Before the larvae were rolled, they were sprayed with dipterex, and after being rolled, they were treated with an oxygenated dimethoate spray.
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