National Grain Production Scientific and Technological Project Cui Yanhong, Research Team of Hebei Province Since late June, some counties and cities in the summer maize district in Hebei Province have suffered from flood disasters, which has caused a certain impact on the production of summer maize. On June 27, some places in Xinji City, Botou City, Hejian City, Xian County, and Hengshui City were hit by squally wind, heavy rain, and hail. The affected area of ​​corn was about 100,000 mu. On June 29, Wuqiao County, Gucheng County, Raoyang County, Anping County, Luancheng County, Wuyi County, Wuqiang County, etc. were hit by storms and hailstorms, and only about 50,000 mu of summer corn were affected in Raoyang County. . On the evening of July 5, high winds and hailstorms occurred in the plains of our province, and some summer corn suffered disasters. Frequent locust disasters have caused various degrees of damage to the summer maize crops at the seedling stage, and production measures need to be taken to remedy them.
I. Several situations of disaster hazards
Damaged blades: Due to the mechanical impact of hail, the leaves of corn seedlings were spotted or linearly damaged or torn, and the leaf tissues of damaged parts were necrotic and dry.
The development of the heart blade was blocked: After the undeveloped young leaves of the corn seedling were damaged, due to the death of the damaged tissue, the leaves could not be properly deployed, resulting in the new leaf being unfolded and the leaf curling and shrinking.
Seedlings suffocated due to flooding: As hailstorms often accompanied by strong winds and torrential rains, some of the seedlings were knocked down by hailstorms and heavy rain, and were later suffocated due to flooding. This situation is more serious in the land with surface runoff, and the lodging seedlings are mostly submerged in mud.
Growth point rot: most of the leaves of the seedlings are damaged by the hail, and only some of the leaf sheaths are still alive. However, due to excessive soil moisture after the flood, plant nutrients are lacking, and the roots are in a state of hypoxia for a long time, eventually causing the roots to decline and near the root neck. The growing point of the site rots. This situation is more serious in plots covered with wheat stalks, while summer maize in spring white plots is relatively lighter.
II. Remedial measures after disaster relief
Since corn is not yet jointed at the seedling stage, the plant growth point is close to the surface or even below the surface. Therefore, after a locust plague, it is unlikely that the plants will be damaged due to damage. Most of the seedling deaths caused by the locust plague were caused by suffocation and death due to flooding of seedlings during flood relief or excessive soil moisture after flooding. Therefore, the maize seedlings generally gradually recover after suffering from flood disasters. The central task of post-disaster field management is to promote the restoration of seedlings as soon as possible.
Biao Miao: Some saplings are often knocked down by hail or heavy rain at the time of the locust plague, while others are submerged in muddy water, which can easily cause suffocation of seedlings. After the disaster, the seedlings that are lying or submerged in the water should be raised early to resume growth as soon as possible.
Topdressing nitrogen fertilizer: corn seedlings damaged by the locust plague, due to severe leaf damage, the photosynthetic area of ​​plants decreased, photosynthesis was weak, and the organic nutrition of the plants was insufficient. The quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer can be used after the disaster to promote the seedlings to resume growth as soon as possible. Generally, 10 to 15 kg of urea or 25 to 40 kg of ammonium bicarbonate can be topdressed per acre, and a ditch can be applied at a distance of about 10 cm from the seedlings.
Shallow cultivator: As the locust plague often accompanied by heavy rain, after the locust disaster, soil moisture is too much, too wet, or lead to root oxygen deficiency, or due to the low soil temperature unfavorable for the regeneration of seedlings. After the locust plague, shallow-medium tillage soil should be used as early as possible to increase soil permeability and promote root growth and development.
Stretching leaves: The young leaf tissue at the top of the plant is often damaged due to necrosis and can not be normally deployed, resulting in the curling and unfolding of new leaf (heart leaf), affecting the photosynthesis of seedlings. After the locust plague, the sticky, curling heart should be released by hand in order to allow photosynthesis of new leaves early.
Replanting: Due to partial locust-reducing plots due to locust plague, planting seedlings or replanting seedlings may be planted to reduce losses caused by seedling deficiency. Seed replanting seedlings may consider replanting a relatively short corn variety, such as Tang Kang 5 and so on.
Destruction: Generally, the damaged fields should not be easily destroyed. Only the plots with serious dead seedlings after the disaster can be considered. The summer maize, fresh corn, feed corn, mung bean, buckwheat, and leafy vegetables with relatively short growth period can be considered. Vegetables and other crops to compensate for the losses caused by the disaster.
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