I. Status Quo of Research and Development of Microbial Pesticides in Jiangsu Province 1. Current Status of Development of Microbial Pesticides Bacillus subtilis (Bs), a microbicide, can stably colonize soil and plant surfaces, produce antibiotics, and secrete hormones that stimulate plant growth. It can induce the host to produce disease resistance. It is an ideal microbicide and has broad application prospects. Such as: the United States Alabama State Bs treatment of a variety of crop seeds, the average yield increased by 9%, significantly reduced the root disease; Japan with Bs and its secretions to prevent tomato Blight has good control effect; domestic Peking University and Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Reported that Bs had good field control effects on various diseases such as wheat scab, watermelon wilt disease, tobacco bacterial wilt, cotton wilt disease, and there was a significant increase in production. The plant protection institute of Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the International Rice Research Institute have cooperated for a long time and researched and developed the bio-bactericide Bs-916. The large-scale demonstration and promotion experiment proves that the control effect of Bs-916 on sheath blight is 75-85%. Rice smut disease control effect of 63.8-85.7%. The research results of domestic and foreign experts are highly evaluated. It is believed that the use of Bs bactericides to control rice sheath blight is currently the most advanced in the study of leaf diseases in biological control, and has already turned to commercial production conditions. Insect viruses (nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV), granulocyte virus (GV)), a microbial insecticide, are pathogenic natural enemies that suppress pest populations. NPV and GV are lepidoptera-specific pest hosts, have high safety, can be stored for a long period of time, are easy to produce, and have similar application methods to chemical pesticides, and thus are widely used by the world as an excellent biological control agent. And research. In recent years, Japan, the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom have made great efforts to study the ways and mechanisms for speeding up NPV, increasing efficiency, and expanding the insecticidal spectrum. A breakthrough has been made. In particular, Japanese researchers Fukuhara and Mitsuhashi and Sato found that the Pseudaletia separata EPV had a strong synergistic effect on PuNPV and AcNPV; Goto found the Xestia c-nigrum granulosis virus (XcGV) not only has a synergistic effect of 100 to 10000 times for various NPVs such as XcNPV, HaNPV (Helicoverpa armigera NPV), SeNPV (Spodoptera exigua NPV), but also doubles the pesticidal speed of NPV and broadens it. NPV insecticide spectrum. GV's discovery of NPV speed-up, efficiency enhancement, and spectrum spread broke through the three major obstacles that NPV applied to agricultural crops to prevent and control major pests, enabling NPV to demonstrate for the first time the prospects for industrialization of alternative insecticides for chemical pesticides. The plant protection institute of Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences introduced a complete set of NPV and GV booster strains and a recombinant expression system for the VEF potentiation gene, which laid a solid foundation for the development of this latest technology in China. At present, a rice aphid has been developed. NPV-GV enhanced high-efficiency bio-insecticides have achieved a pesticidal effect against S. indica in more than 90%. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), a microbial insecticide, is used in more than 20 provinces and cities for the prevention and control of more than 20 pests in crops such as grain, cotton, fruits and vegetables, and forestry, and has an area of ​​50 million mu. With the deepening of the people's minds of green food, Bt formulations have received widespread welcome in the domestic and foreign pesticide markets. Jiangsu Lixiahe Agricultural Research Institute has been specialized in the research and production of microbial pesticides such as Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and Bacillus sphaericus (Bs) in the 1970s. It is one of the earliest research institutions for biological pesticides in China. During the “Ninth Five-Year Plan†period, on the basis of research and screening of broad-spectrum and high-insect-active Bt strains of insect pests such as toad moths, Bt and domestic hexaflumuron (insect growth regulator) were successfully used to synergize and synergize. The method not only overcomes the deficiency of Bt preparation, but also solves the problems of high cost and easy to produce phytotoxicity due to the use of hexaflumuron alone, and the structure of young hatchlings and 1-3 instars of some noctuid pests. Under the control effect, it has reached about 80%, and the drug efficacy period is 7-10 days, which greatly exceeds the level of Bt preparations used alone; in recent years, the screening of microorganism-producing strains and the study of bio-effective factors have been carried out in depth. Highly virulent Bt strain Yz-2, and two strains of virus (PuGV-Ps and AsNPV) that have significant synergistic effects on Bt and SeNPV; first conducted Bt complex formulation research in the province and screened Bt plus avermectin Such as a number of efficiency combinations, demonstration and promotion of significant results. To overcome the bottleneck that restricts the application of microbial pesticides by increasing the virulence of virus strains, modification of virus potentiators, and compounding and synergies, and to increase the toxicity of Bt and virus preparations, increase the insecticidal spectrum, and enhance environmental stability. Its large-scale application to production practices has opened up new avenues. 2. Application Prospects Microbial pesticides are new industries of the 21st century pesticide industry and represent the direction of plant protection. Their greatest advantages lie in overcoming the pollution of chemical pesticides to the ecological environment and reducing pesticide residues in agricultural and sideline products. In the course of the application of microbial pesticides, the quality and price of agricultural and sideline products will increase substantially, which will beneficially promote rural economic growth and increase farmers' income. The social benefits will be inestimable. With China's accession to the WTO, agriculture will face new opportunities and opportunities for development. The export market for agricultural and sideline products will be even broader. One of the important factors for improving the competitiveness of China's agricultural products in the international market is to reduce the amount of toxic substances in agricultural products, and microbial pesticides will be agricultural products. Quality and safety in production and reduction of toxic substance residues provide technical and material safeguards. The research and development of microbial pesticides will effectively achieve high-quality and safe production of agricultural products, increase the added value of agricultural products, expand the export market of agricultural and sideline products in China, and promote the development of green industries, all of which are to develop the rural economy, increase the income of farmers, and promote rural prosperity. Has an important role in promoting. As one of the necessary production materials for the production of pollution-free agricultural and sideline products, microbial pesticides will have a huge market demand in the prevention and control of future crop pests and diseases. Therefore, the development, industrialization, promotion and application of microbial pesticides will be further accelerated, and pesticides will be reduced in agricultural and sideline products. Residues and pollution to the farmland ecological environment, to achieve sustainable control of major pests and diseases of crops, to meet the major demand for agricultural science and technology of industrial production of pollution-free agricultural products in China, will inevitably produce huge social, economic and ecological benefits. 3. Problems Existing in the Evaluation of Microbial Pesticide Control Effectiveness The biological control based on microbial pesticides is a long-lasting effect. Therefore, long-term follow-up investigations should be conducted on the control effects of microbial pesticides. In this way, the use of microbial pesticides for crop pests and diseases can be developed. Management approach and strategy. It is a wrong idea to compare the control effect of microbial pesticides with the control effect of chemical pesticides and apply the methods of chemical prevention to biological control. Microbial pesticides control the occurrence and damage of plant diseases and pests through the interaction between organisms. The effects of microbial pesticides cannot be as fast and effective as chemical pesticides, but their control effectiveness is long-lasting and stable. Therefore, an evaluation system for the effectiveness of biological pesticides in the prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests should be established to assess the impact of biological pesticides on environmental protection, sustainable control, agricultural product safety and other aspects, which is conducive to the healthy and rapid development of biological pesticides. l Pilot tests and preparations of microbial pesticides There are many products and varieties of microbial pesticides used in laboratory studies and small-scale trials. However, there are few real industrialization efforts. The main reason is that they cannot solve the three links of production and sales. Practical problems. Many researchers are not willing to do large-scale field biological control trials because of the high cost of such trials, the complexity of various interference factors, and the low likelihood of achieving results. Therefore, the national government should pay attention to the development and industrialization of microbial pesticides in terms of funding, encourage researchers to speed up the industrialization of microbial pesticides, and give preferential conditions for the commercialization of microbial pesticide products. The microbial pesticide has a single dosage form, and the production process is backward. The physical and chemical indicators of the product and the content of the active ingredient are not stable, resulting in a bottleneck for the development of microbial pesticides. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out joint research among industry, universities and research institutes to screen additives formulas that can maintain the physical and chemical properties of new dosage forms, screen surfactants that can improve the dispersibility and adhesion of new dosage forms, and develop new additives and new dosage forms for improving the control effect of biological pesticides. . Improve the control effectiveness and effective utilization of microbial pesticides. l Farmers' understanding of microbial pesticides Because farmers use chemical pesticides for a long time, they first consider the effect, then the relationship between cost and economic benefits, basically do not consider environmental pollution and residues of agricultural products, the advantages and sustainable control of microbial pesticides. The lack of perceptual knowledge, coupled with the low toxicity of microbial pesticides, the relatively slow efficacy, and other weaknesses and lack of propaganda, made farmers less aware of the superiority of microbial pesticides. Therefore, it is necessary to increase propaganda so that the majority of farmers fully understand the superiority of biological pesticides. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the detection of chemical pesticide residues in agricultural products, strictly implement the high quality and price of agricultural products, so that farmers really get the benefits of using biological pesticides; Governments at all levels will vigorously develop opportunities for the development of pollution-free agricultural products and large-scale construction of pollution-free agricultural production bases to promote the rapid development of microbial pesticides. Second, the direction of future research and development forecast l Suppression, pest control soil for disease prevention, pest control soil should be given more research. This microorganism-sustaining soil makes pathogens incapable of survival and pests cannot cause harm. Although there have been reports of soils that inhibit disease and pests, the inhibition mechanism is still not well understood. This is a very useful ecological information. They can lead to the discovery of new biological control agents. l The biological control of biological control of weeds and weeds is the use of more specific host herbivore or plant pathogenic microorganisms to control the population of weeds that affect human economic vitality under the economic damage threshold. Compared with chemical weed control, biological herbicide has the advantages of no environmental pollution, no phytotoxicity, and high economic benefit. Sometimes a successful natural enemy introduction can solve the weeding once and for all. Weeds and biological control of some weedy weeds or in special environments (such as water) are often the most ideal control measures. However, the problems involved in biological weeding are extensive and complex, and it is difficult to do so. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the research work in this area. l Genetically Engineered Microorganisms In recent years, the study of genetically engineered microorganisms has been very active and has entered the stage of practical application prior to the introduction of pest-resistant genetic engineering plants. This development shows the great potential of biotechnology for the genetic improvement of biocontrol microorganisms and lays a foundation for the further research and development of a new generation of microbial pesticides. Mycogen Inc. transferred the Bt toxin gene into Pseudomonas fluorescens colonized in the roots of plants to extend the insecticidal effect to more than two weeks. The insecticidal effect against Plutella xylostella is similar to that of chemical pesticides. The side effects of insecticide-free environmental pollution were registered in 1991 under the trade name MVP, which became a new type of microbial insecticide for vegetable pest control. l Transgenic insect-resistant plants of transgenic pest-resistant plants have opened up new paths for the prevention and control of pests and diseases. In 1985, American scientists introduced the tobacco mosaic virus coat protein gene (cp) into diseased tobacco, and the transgenic plants enhanced their resistance to the virus. This method of obtaining disease resistance by transferring the cp gene was later successful in various plants such as tomato, potato, soybean, and rice. This shows that this is a promising bio-engineering research. III. Countermeasures and Suggestions 1. Seize opportunities for development and strengthen microbial pesticides Research on the sustainable development of agriculture in China requires ensuring food safety, developing high-yield, high-quality, and high-efficiency agriculture, safeguarding the rational use of resources, and establishing a sound ecological environment to realize agricultural and rural areas. Continuous development. To promote the sustainable development of agriculture, the promotion and application of microbial pesticides is one of the important technical support. In addition, with China's accession to the WTO and further opening of the domestic market, China's agricultural products will face severe challenges. To develop high-quality, pollution-free agricultural products and increase their competitiveness in the international market, microbial pesticides will play an extremely important role. Therefore, we must seize the opportunity to vigorously develop microbial pesticides. 2. To strengthen basic research and increase research efforts to develop microbial pesticides, the government must increase investment in research funding. First, a provincial microbial pesticide research base or engineering center should be established to form a research team of microbial pesticides, conduct research on biological control of major pests and diseases in the current production, systematically screen high-efficiency strains, and establish optimized fermentation and proliferation production processes and specifications. The production quality standards, the formation of supporting field practical techniques; Second, to strengthen the research mechanism of microbial pesticides, based on the derivation of its site of action and active center, guide strain selection, update dosage forms, synthetic new pesticide lead compounds, Create new pesticides. 3. Accelerating the industrialization of microbial pesticides The research of microbial pesticides should take into account the fact that the ultimate goal of the project is to form microbial pesticide products that will enter the market. Therefore, emphasis should be placed on the formulation, processing, product quality, and environmental behavior of microbial pesticides. A series of issues were studied to improve the quality and competitiveness of microbial pesticides; the government should formulate a policy of inclining the industrialization of microbial pesticides. On the one hand, it should increase the support for supporting the industrialization of microbial pesticides, and on the other hand, encourage enterprises to directly Participate in the project research, make the company become a base for the transformation of microbial pesticide research results into productivity, and promote the industrialization of microbial pesticides. 4. The combination of the development of microbial pesticides and the construction of pollution-free agricultural production bases Microbial pesticides are necessary production materials for the production of pollution-free agricultural products. Therefore, the development of microbial pesticides should be closely integrated with the construction of pollution-free agricultural production bases, and pollution should be widely established. At the same time, agricultural product production bases have vigorously promoted the use of microbial pesticides. Focusing on the theme of restructuring the province’s agricultural structure, improving agricultural efficiency, increasing farmers’ income, and improving the ecological environment in the countryside, combined with the new requirements for the research on plant protection for pollution-free agriculture in our province, we will vigorously develop microbial pesticides to make microbial pesticides and their supporting technologies To play a greater role in the prevention and control of major pests and diseases of crops, and provide a powerful technology for accelerating the fundamental shift in the province’s agriculture from the main pursuit of quantity to the emphasis on quality and efficiency, safeguarding food safety, protecting the environment, and promoting sustainable agricultural development during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period. support. Attachment: China's research on residue-free pesticides has reached the international advanced level. A kind of pure "live microbial pesticides" that are mainly insect viruses and control tea pests, has recently been formally approved by the Ministry of Agriculture to achieve mass production, and has begun to promote the use of organic tea bases in the country. This indicates that China's high-tech field with no residual pesticide application has reached the international advanced level. This newly-developed pure "live microbial pesticide" was named "Wu Da Oasis Tea Garden" and was a high-tech achievement in the National High-tech Industrialization Demonstration Project approved by the State Planning Commission. It is a compound of the most virulent and safe insect baculovirus and other microorganisms, which was jointly created by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO). The Wuda Oasis Tea Garden, developed by the Institute of Insect Virus Research, School of Life Sciences, Wuhan University and Wuhan Wuda Oasis Biotechnology Company, is a compound of the tea-footworm nuclear polyhedrosis virus and other microorganisms. Property pure biological insecticides. This is also the first domestic and international case of pure bio-pesticides that have passed the national appraisal and can be directly used to control the three major pests of tea-footworm, tea-caterpillar and tea leaf roller in large areas of organic tea.
Corn Starch,Corn Starch for Food,Corn Starch Food Grade
Feed Additives ,Choline Chloride,Corn Products Co., Ltd. , http://www.sdbiotechnology.com