Mastering the mating technology of female foxes is the key to improving fertility and enhancing economic efficiency. The breeding season of the mother-lipped fox is very strict. It only breeds once a year, usually starting in late January and ending in late April. The fox is a spontaneous ovulatory animal. Ovulation is accurate in time. Generally the silver-black fox ovulation occurs in the afternoon of the first day of estrus or the next morning. Arctic fox is in the second and third days of heat, but not all. Oocytes mature at the same time, there is a certain time interval, silver black fox is about 23 days, blue fox is about 5 to 7 days. According to studies, only 13% of ovulations occur on the first day of female foxes, and they are 47% on the second day, 30% on the third day, and 7% on the fourth day. It is better to mate in the second and third days in order to increase the fertility rate of the female fox. If the rate of empty mating is about 40%, the compounding will be performed on the second day after the initial allocation. The empty rate is about 26%. The compounding rate is 2 to 3 times, and the empty rate drops below 4%. Therefore, the use of female foxes in the form of compounding can increase the fertility rate and litter size. Male fox sperm can survive for about 24 hours in the female fox's reproductive tract. In order to ensure that female foxes are in time for heat, timely breeding, full-fledged, and prolific breeding, the following technical key must be grasped.
First, make preparations before mating
1, adjust the type of 貉 貉 体 体 体 体 体 体 体 体 体 体 体 体 体 体 体 体 体 体 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 调整 调整 调整 调整 调整 调整 调整 调整 调整 调整 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。. The male foxes adjusted to the upper-middle-scale lye status before mating, and the female fox-fowl adjusted to the moderate-lying condition. To prevent starvation and fat reduction, starvation and fat reduction can damage the health of the species. The species of fox can not be too fat or too thin, over-fertilization is slow, unfavorable mating, and some are not estrus. Excessive body fat or excessive body weight can affect the development of follicles in female fox ovary, thereby affecting the number of ovulation, reducing the rate of conception and producing slaughter. "The early estrus body condition is good, not fat or thin, early estrus, breeding more smoothly and more productive.
2. Do a good job in epidemic prevention: For those who participate in spring breeding, they must be injected with canine distemper, viral enteritis, and encephalitis. From the effects of the above-mentioned several kinds of epidemic diseases, the efficacy of the single-linked vaccine is better than that of multi-linked epidemic disease. Use method and dosage, use according to the bottle sign. We must choose reliable vaccines for use. At present, there are many units that produce and sell the same type of vaccine in China. According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 8 units, and only 2-3 manufacturers actually hold national approval numbers and production batch numbers, so they have to choose Use vaccines carefully.
3, prevention and treatment of a good Gardneric disease: scorpion Fox Gardner's disease, currently widespread in China's raising foxes, great harm. According to statistics, the major foxes in the country have tested fox sera with a positive rate of O.9% to 21.9% and a heavier field of more than 75%. The rate of empty arms was 3.2% to 47.5%, and the abortion rate was 1.5% to 14.7%. Gardnerella vaginalis can cause abortion or interruption of pregnancy in the mother-earth fox from 20 days to 45 days of pregnancy, and the fetus is absorbed. After infecting Gardnerella, the foxes mainly cause genitourinary conditions, and female foxes have vaginitis, metritis, cervicitis, ovarian cysts, and abscesses around the kidney; male foxes have dermatitis and prostatitis. Symptoms, loss of libido or loss of mating ability, such as mating female foxes can be transmitted to the mother fox Hodgkin's disease; severe condition: manifested anorexia, mental depression, lying in a corner of the cage, typical characteristics of hematuria, late As the body temperature rises, the liver degenerates, the kidneys enlarge, and eventually suffocates and dies, causing great harm to the raising of the fox industry. The treatment of the disease with chloramphenicol, erythromycin, ampicillin, thanks to the benefit of negative fox injection Gardner's vitilis vaccine can be treated, simple method to use Baiyi to prevent and control, before catching each catch 10 Kilogram weight of male and female injection 0.3ml once a day for three consecutive days will receive a significant effect, can put an end to miscarriage and empty arms. Using chloramphenicol 2 times a day, each 0.25 mg (1 tablet) continuous administration for 7 days (prevention) to 12 days (treatment) will also receive good results.
4. Dispel the parasites in the body and the body: The parasites in the body and the body are harmful to the fox. For example, the parasites, aphids, and pregnancies in the foxes with the eggs of the ascaria can be infected with tsutsugamushi disease. Some foxes can see vomiting or worms out of their nests, and can cause severe foxes. Excessive worms cause intestinal obstruction and death. The analysis shows that the intestinal worms are clogged into groups: as in vitro tsutsugamushi disease, pregnancy 貉 fox, and worm eggs, the foxes produced by the larvae are contagious. Aberdeen, mouth, nose, eyes, ears, head and chest brick some body skin redness, rash-like nodules, skin bald hair. Thickening of the subcutaneous tissue, itching and other symptoms. There are also nematodes, aphids, toxoplasmosis and so on. If not cured before breeding. Pregnancy after fox production. All of them will be transmitted to young foxes, so they must be given a complete cure before they are bred.
For the treatment of parasitic diseases both in vivo and in vitro, the new antiparasitic drugs developed by Pfizer Animal Health Co., Ltd. for animals can be eliminated. The extinction of all kinds of parasites on dogs and fur animals requires only one shot to kill; its efficacy period is 18 days, and dogs and fur animals are injected intramuscularly at a dose of 0.3 ml per 10 kg body weight. A pupa fox 0.2 ~ 0.3ml; a blister 0.1ml good results. It eliminates toxic and side effects, does not produce drug resistance, does not destroy the immune system, is safe to use, is stored at room temperature, and has good stability. Its validity period is five years. Please try it out beforehand. 1% ivermectin injection is also a good medicine for the treatment of parasites in the body and in the body. It is a benefit and new drug developed on the basis of avermectin. It is less toxic than avermectin. The amount of O.3ml per kg of body weight is used, and once every 7 days, three times is a good course of treatment.
5, fine feeding and management: mating two months to increase the movement of the fox, give full illumination. Studies have shown that the development of genital organs of the fox is regulated by the natural photoperiod and light. When the number of sunshine hours after the autumnal equinox is shorter than the night time, the reproductive system begins to develop slowly. With the daylight during the day, the silver black fox and the blue fox have entered the breeding season. If the fox is in the critical period of reproductive system development, artificially altering the photoperiod and light rhythm will cause the female fox's reproductive system to be disordered, which will have an adverse effect on the estrus breeding; the fox is most sensitive to the light. The light period of late breeding should not be more than 12 hours. The natural sunshine time can be satisfied without artificial light. To strengthen the feed nutrition during the breeding period, the fox needs sufficient nutrients such as protein, minerals and vitamins during the development of reproductive organs. The key to promoting the development of sexual organs is to ensure the full price of feed nutrition, especially to ensure the supply of full-priced protein and reproductive vitamin A and vitamin E. Nutritionally, we must appropriately reduce energy feeds and increase protein feeds. Animal feeds account for more than 65% of the diet. In the feed, it is necessary to intermittently increase the garlic (2 to 3 grams of each fox), to stimulate the excitement of the whole group through odor stimulation, to achieve immediate estrus, and timely breeding purposes.
Second, the female fox's estrus and breeding
l, estrus symptoms: the fox's estrus, silver and black foxes generally from mid-January to mid-March: Arctic fox in mid-February to late April. The male fox is easy to grasp. The male foxes who enter the estrus period are active, tend to be heterosexual, have reduced feed intake, frequently urinate, and have a strong “fox-honey aroma†in the urine. With interest, she constantly climbs across her mother's fox, and she can successfully reach a match when her female fox is in heat. The identification of the estrus of the female fox is complex, the commonly used identification methods, the observation of the genitalia, the test of the emotions, the vaginal smear, the estrus test, the estrus symptoms: the female fox shows the loss of appetite, climbing cages . During the prosperous yin period, the vulva is elliptical, the labia valgus evacuates, the color darkens, and the vulva can be seen with slight creases. The individual vulvae flow out of curd-like secretions. If at this time, the female lynx is placed in a male fox cage, the female fox will Automatic tail lifting, accepting male foxes to climb, is the best estrus breeding period.
2. Breeding methods: The mating method of the foxes can be natural mating and artificial insemination. The natural mating method is further divided into cage feeding and artificial mating. Mating cages, mating, saving manpower, small workload, but the use of public elk fox more, resulting in feed wastage, difficult to grasp the expected date of birth, can not master the quality of male foxes mating ability is not used in China, but in the later period of mating, These methods can be used for those who are late in estrus, not in estrus, or for female foxes that do not accept mating. Artificial breeding is a major method adopted by the domestic fodder industry. Usually the male and female foxes are kept in single cages for breeding and the estrus female foxes are placed in male fox cages for mating. If the female fox is small, the male foxes with strong breeding ability can be mated in the female fox. Artificial insemination is the use of artificial methods to collect male fox sperm, and then enter the treated semen into the uterus of the estrous fox, so that the mother fox can be given birth. Artificial insemination is an advanced technology that China has rapidly promoted and applied.
Its advantages are: (1) It is possible to make use of the proliferation and variety improvement of the excellent species of lycium, and (2) to improve the breeding ability of the excellent lysate fox, and the natural foxes are naturally mated with 3 to 5 female foxes when they are artificially inseminated. A male fox can inseminate 30 to 100 female foxes. 9 It is suitable for the crossbreeding of foxes and Arctic foxes. It can produce blue fox fur fox on a scale; 4 Save some fox foals; 5 Reduce the chance of disease transmission; 3 Solve the difficulties in natural mating such as disqualification, malformation, and vaginal stenosis.
3, semen quality test: the quality of male and female fox semen quality is the ability to ensure the mother fox high quality and high yield guarantee. Therefore, the first breeding should promptly test male fox sperm. After 15 cm in diameter and 0.8 to 1 cm in diameter, after disinfection, gently insert a freshly bred maternal fox vagina about 5 to 7 cm to draw a small amount of semen for microscopic examination. The sperm density is high in the field of vision, and the vigor is strong. It is a straight-line movement, no deformity, clear head and tail, indicating that the quality of semen is normal, and male foxes can participate in breeding. The semen quality test can be used to promptly discover the male foxes with poor semen quality and lack of sperm so that they can promptly exchange supplements or stop using the fox. The mother foxes that have been used must be supplemented with foxes of good quality and quality in order to avoid mother foxes.
Third, the management of breeding period
1. Mating time: The estrus estrus time of the foxes is closely related to the temperature of the sunshine. For individuals, the estrus time has a certain regularity. Early female fox-earth foxes are early every year, and the general difference is not 5-7 days. The difference in feed nutrition and management techniques also has a certain influence on the mating of foxes. In terms of groups. The high mating period of the mating foxes is about 20 days earlier than that of the foals. The time is about 30 days from late February to mid-March. However, the early puerperal estrus was relatively late and the mating time was concentrated from mid-March to late April. When the estrus is late, the female fox, because the weather gradually warms up, even if there is an initial match, it often occurs when the compound is difficult. Late mating female foxes with late calving, the survival rate of pups is also low. When the estrus is too late, the vowels and foxes can be properly eliminated when selecting breeding foxes.
2. Put it right: The fox's release time, according to studies, shows that the mating success rate is high in the morning of the day: generally, it is played in the morning from 5:30 to 7:30. Rainy weather is also available from 3pm to 5pm. It's not easy to observe at night. Male foxes can be used twice a day for mating, and they must be separated by more than four hours. The estrus mother foxes are used for many times; the female foxes in the middle of the estrus need to look for a stable match; the mother foxes in the late estrus should be mobilized, which can increase the fertility rate and birth rate. When you put it right, you should put your female fox in a male fox cage and your mother fox is standing quietly waiting for the male foal, according to your mother-in-law fox yin-men's “pink early, purple-black later, and deep red-wet rightâ€. The fox climbs across, so that most of the breeding can be conceived, and at the same time, it is necessary to observe the movement of the female fox. "The female fox stands steady, his tail scratches one side, and the male fox climbs across the mother without biting. At this time, the mating is just right. The first time there is compounding three or four times. The output is high with empty arms." "Yinmoo ovulation period, male and female Put in the most suitable, do not have too many mating times, 3 to 4 times that can be, once the pregnancy is also registered, with a few more than a litter, only one time a year, do not miss this time." "Yin To be wet, dry and dry, and to be equipped with infertility." We can learn from these experiences.
3, age matching: the first mother to produce a female fox to choose adult male foxes, the fox mother to choose the young male fox matching. To be with the old, small with the evening, not old with small. This breeding method can increase fertility. According to experience, there are many male prostitutes at the beginning of the public sector, and there are more mothers with birth mothers.
4. Follow-up observation: During the entire season of estrus and breeding, the husbandry and management personnel must carefully observe the pheasant foxes and find that there is a female fox fox estrus and should release it in due course. Do not miss the opportunity for breeding. The female fox foxes who are estrus secretly must do a trial match to prevent missed matches and mismatches.
5, to keep quiet: 貉 野 野 野 野 野 野 野 野 野 野 野 野 野 野 野 野 野 野 野 野 野. It is particularly sensitive to "stress" reactions during the breeding season, especially during pregnancy and lactation. The physiological stress, discomfort, and consequences caused by "stress" directly affect the reproductive survival rate. Therefore, it is very important to create a comfortable environment and eliminate the occurrence of adverse "stress" factors. Therefore, during the breeding period of the entire breeding period, it is necessary to keep the field quiet, fix the rearing staff, decline the visits of outsiders and idlers, and prohibit the sound of all vehicles and motors from entering the Fox Farm. The husbandry and management personnel should take care of them carefully and it is forbidden to run foxes.
6, set up a file card, do a good job record: do a good job in the construction of each fox fox card work. Number 1 fox 1 card in the order of breeding each fox, and create a file. The records of the year of birth, number of the year, number of the previous year, time of mating of the previous year, number of litters of the previous year, parent's place of origin, breeding time of the year, number of births, and number of spouse were recorded for reference.
7, pre-preparation work: the fox's gestation period is generally 51 to 52 days. About 0.5 ml of progesterone is injected about 8 days after mating, which promotes its tocolysis and miscarriage. After the progesterone is injected, it can be placed in the production cage, and the production box door must be closed. The maternal door should be opened three days before the childbirth to allow the mother fox to enter the farrowing box. The litter box must be carefully disinfected. The box should be kept warm, and all gaps should be blocked. Prevent cold wind from entering. There should be grass bedding in the production box to prevent sudden cold currents.
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