Shishu No.1 is a new early maturing and high-yielding potato variety suitable for spring planting in the second cropping area in Shijiazhuang City, which was newly cultivated by the Shijiazhuang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences. It was approved by the Crop Variety Approval Committee of Hebei Province in June 2014. Validation No.: No. 2014001, reviewed.
First, characteristics
Shishu No. 1 has a growth period of 67 days. Plants erect, plant height 66 cm, stem green with brown markings, green leaves, the number of main stems per plant 1.6, corolla lavender, no natural strong. The tubers are oval in shape, light yellow flesh with pale yellow flesh, smooth potato skin, shallow buds, 4.5 tubers per tuber, concentrated tubers, and large and neat tubers. The potato product rate is 86.4%. The potato starch content was 14.2%, the dry matter content was 17.12%, the crude protein content was 2.6%, and the reducing sugar content was 0.3%. The quality was good and suitable for fresh food. This variety is resistant to potato PVX virus disease, PVY virus disease, PVS virus disease, PLRV virus disease and late blight disease; generally, the yield per mu is 2500 kg, and the high yield can reach 4000 kg or more. Planting density 4000-4500 per acre is appropriate, hi water and fertilizer. The tubers are sensitive to light, and the light tends to turn green to affect the quality. Therefore, the soil should be cultivated as soon as possible, and the commodity potatoes need to be stored away from the light after they are harvested.
Second, seed potato storage
After buying the seed potatoes, the bags should be opened immediately, and the injuries, diseases, and lumps should be removed and stored in a place of ventilation, sun exposure, and shelter from the rain. Before harvesting, the seed potatoes with intact potato chips and dried epidermis are packed in air-permeable bags and stored at 2°C-4°C. Below 0°C, they will be frozen, and if they are higher than 5°C, they will germinate.
Third, cultivation techniques
1. Embryos and cuts. 30 days before sowing, put the whole piece of seed potato in a light shade environment at 15°C. When the bud grows to 0.5 cm, the cover is spread out so that the buds can evenly see the light. When the buds become thick and green, they are ready to be cut. . Prepare two cutters per person, immerse them in 75% alcohol, and ensure that each bud has one bud and weighs no less than 25 grams. According to the principle of easy to high yield, the top buds and lateral buds are often used with little or no tail buds. When cutting the diseased potato, remove it immediately and change the knife in time. After cutting into pieces, every 150 kg of seed potato + 70% thiophanate-methyl 100g + 72% of agricultural streptomycin 14g + 2.5 kg of talcum powder is used for seeding. The seeds can be sowed the next day. Remember not to stack and chop for a long time. Seed potatoes to prevent bad species.
2. Soil preparation. Choose a loam or sandy soil block with deep soil. Potatoes are high-yielding hi-gain crops. They particularly like organic fertilizers and potash fertilizers. The ratio of required fertilizers is nitrogen:phosphorus:potassium=5:2:11. In general, the mass of the farmyard before winter massaging 3-5 cubic meters of high-quality farmyard fertilizer, deep-turn 30 centimeters, poured frozen water before making a good glutinous rice, before spring sowing NPK fertilizer per acre compound fertilizer 60-75 kg Pure potassium sulfate 30-40 kg base fertilizer.
3. Use the amount. Shishu No. 1 seeded 150 mu of seed for flat seeding and 125 mu for seed seeded with cotton.
4. Sowing period. Planting mulch potato in the south-central part of the country, sowing the soil after early spring soil thawing, the sooner the better, generally sowing from February 25 to March 5 (before and after convulsions), when the sowing time is later than March 15th, affects the potato Yield and benefits. When planting with three membranes in vegetable areas, it can be sown as early as late January.
5. Seeding method. Hebei spring sowing potato must use mulch. Ditch about 15 cm in depth. Spread the fertilizer and mix the soil and sow the potatoes. Single ridge planting spacing 70 cm, spacing 20 cm; double ridge planting, open a sowing ditch every 90-100 cm, a ditch type double row, 15-20 cm spacing in the ditch, 30 cm spacing, seedlings on the cover soil 8 About centimeters, the sandy land covers no more than 15 centimeters. After spraying herbicide cover film, mu density 4500 or so.
Fourth, field management
1. Break the membrane earth. Seedlings emerged 25 days after sowing and the seedlings were broken until 10 o'clock in the morning until the emergence of the whole seedlings and fine soil was pressed at the ruptured membrane. After the frost had been removed, the film was removed (around April 25) and the soil was first cultivated. The soil thickness was half of the height of the seedlings. Then poured the first water. When the majority of the fields are budding, they will cultivate the soil for the second time and master the ridge up to 25 centimeters after two times of soil cultivation to prevent the potato greenhead from harvesting.
2. Watering. Must be enough to sow, generally do not water before emergence, the first time after the earth poured a permeable, budding potato pouring the first time the water, after every 5-7 days pouring a big water, watering to "pour The ditch is not submerged, and watering is stopped 10 days before the harvest; the number of waterings in the sand should be increased.
3. Top dressing. Must apply the base fertilizer, when the fertility is insufficient, after the Qi Qi Miao after 5-10 tons of urea, lei, during the buds can quickly apply 7.5 kg of potassium fertilizer. After entering the potato period (early flowering period), it can be sprayed with 20-30 grams of paclobutrazol plus 30 kg of water. If ridges are not sealed on the ground, do not use paclobutrazol to control cockroaches. Otherwise, the production may be reduced.
4. Pest control. The disease is the most serious early and late blight and black shank disease. When 95% of the seedlings are emerged, they are prevented with “Manson Manganese Zinc†and “Kelu†and then every 10 days to prevent an early and late blight; after emergence. Bacterial diseases such as black shank are easy to occur. When the diseased plants in the field should be dug out and brought out of the farm, use a streptomycin such as agricultural streptomycin or a bacterial bactericide that can kill 3,000 to spray and root. Times. Insect pests are mainly aphids and underground pests. At the seedling stage, it was found that the locust must be killed promptly. The dimethoate could be sprayed with imidacloprid 1000 times solution; underground pests such as cockroaches, cockroaches, and golden needle worms were sown, and when the seeds were sown, they were sprinkled with solid phoxim granules of 3-5 kg. In the paddy field, 50% phoxim EC was used to kill 2 kg per mu in the evening.
Fifth, timely harvest
Seedlings can be harvested 60 days after harvest. In order to mention the city, you can start picking large blocks one after another in advance 10 days in advance. Normally harvest in early June and finish before June 20, otherwise it will be bad after summer high temperature and rainy harvest. Store. Harvest should choose sunny and dry weather, cut stems and leaves 1-2 days before harvest and clear the remaining leaves in the field, so as not to infect the tubers. In the harvesting process, damage to the machine should be minimized, and the tubers should be kept from prolonged exposure under the hot sun to reduce the quality of the seed and food. The squat can grow corn, scallions, sweet potatoes, peanuts, soybeans, summer sowing cotton, fennel, beans, cauliflower, Chinese cabbage and so on.
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