There are three types of sweet corn: sweet corn, super sweet corn and sweet corn. In recent years, super sweet corn has been developed. Sweet corn, both fruits and vegetables, can also be made into canned food, rich in nutrients and dietary fiber, and has an auxiliary effect on cardiovascular diseases and gastric cancer, thus becoming a new natural nutritious food popular in the world. Sweet corn is planted in the middle and upper fertility fields, and the yield per acre of green ear is 600-1000 kg. After the harvest of the green fruit, the stems and leaves are still green and can be used as livestock green feed. The whole growth period of sweet corn (receiving ears) generally takes only 70-90 days. The key points of high-yield cultivation techniques for sweet corn are as follows:
First, choose good hybrids. The excellent hybrid first-generation seed of sweet corn has great potential for increasing yield, strong resistance and wide adaptability, which is 30%-50% higher than that of ordinary corn, which lays a foundation for increasing production and income. Appropriate sweet corn varieties should be selected according to the climate, soil conditions and market demand. Sweet corn for processing should use ordinary sweet corn varieties; sweet corn for fruit consumption should use super sweet corn varieties; corn for vegetable consumption should use multi-ear type sweet corn varieties.
Second, the choice of isolation. Sweet corn is controlled by recessive genes. If it is mixed with ordinary corn or other types of sweet corn, it loses its sweet taste. For this reason, it is necessary to isolate it spatially or temporally. The space isolation method generally requires no other types of corn within the range of more than 300 meters; the time isolation method requires more than 40 days for the spring sowing and more than 20 days for the summer broadcast. It can also be isolated by obstacles such as villages, woods, and hills.
Third, finishing the land and applying enough base fertilizer. After the land is ploughed, it should be finely ploughed and ploughed. Whether it is spring or summer, the soil is required to be deep, loose, fine, uniform, fat and wet, ensuring that the seedlings are quick and homogeneous. It is best to fertilize the ball for seedling transplanting in areas where conditions permit. The base fertilizer is applied, and the base fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer. With phosphorus, potassium and a small part of nitrogen fertilizer. Organic fertilizer is applied 1000-1500 kg per mu. When the quantity is large, 50%-60% of the organic fertilizer is applied, and the remaining mixture with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is applied in the ditch, and the seed and fertilizer are isolated.
4. Adjust the sowing date as needed. The determination of the sweet corn sowing period depends not only on the climate, soil conditions, but also on the needs of the market and factory processing. Covering with the mulch can be done early. In order to supply the market one after another, a method of sowing in stages can be adopted. Generally, the seedlings are planted in the previous period and the next stage is planted. Be sure to pay attention to the protection or sowing with water when you are late.
Sweet corn planting density should not be too large. Ordinary sweet corn hopes to have large kernels, generally 3500-4000 plants per acre; super-sweet corn requires growing large ears, generally 3000-3500 plants per acre.
V. Strengthening field management
1, suitable time seedlings, fixed seedlings. The growth of sweet corn seedlings is weak. When seedlings are grown live, the seedlings should be set later than ordinary corn, 4-5 leaves, and 6-7 leaves. It is necessary to remove the seedlings to fill the gaps and ensure that the seedlings are full of seedlings
2, cultivating weeding and cultivating soil. The principle of shallow-deep-shallow should be mastered when cultivating and weeding. Before the jointing to the tasseling, it can be combined with cultivating and weeding lightly for 2-3 times.
3, go to 蘖. Sweet corn is more likely to produce tillers than ordinary corn, and should be promptly removed.
4, skillfully apply top dressing. According to the fertilizer demand of sweet corn, it should be divided into two stages of topdressing. Once there are 7-8 leaves before the jointing, 4-5 kg ​​of urea per acre; another 10 days before heading, 4-5 kg ​​of urea per acre.
5. Irrigation drainage. In the middle stage of sweet corn, especially within 15 days before and after heading and flowering, it grows rapidly and must have sufficient water. Water shortage or excessive water affects the yield and quality of sweet corn. Therefore, sweet corn should not be planted in areas without irrigation and poor drainage.
6. Harvest at the right time. It is generally harvested about 20 days after pollination. The color of the fruit is normal yellow, the grain is full, and the material flowing out of the grain when it is crushed is milky or pasty, which is a suitable harvesting period.
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