1. Choose a compost site. In order to speed up the fermentation of straw, the best choice for the yard is in the place where the leewards are sunny. At the same time, an enclosure is set around the site, which can not only increase the temperature of the environment, but also prevent the harm of livestock and poultry, and ensure the heap of straw fertilizer. Quality.
2. Do a good job of corn stalks. The corn stalks are first cut into 3 cm to 4 cm segments or crushed, but do not over-smash, then soak in human feces or diluted livestock manure.
3. The raw material ratio should be appropriate. The ratio of raw materials for composting corn stalks is critical. The formula is: 7 pieces of corn stalks with a length of about 3 cm, 2 pieces of livestock manure, 1 piece of human waste, or chopped corn stalks: soil: livestock dung: human urine = 6:1:2:1 Or 500 kg of chopped corn stalks, 100 kg of other crop stalks, 100 kg of soil, 200 kg of livestock manure, and 100 kg of human urine are uniformly mixed and then subjected to composting. Irrespective of which method is adopted, the proportion of straw and water should be 1:3.
4. Choose the appropriate method of composting. Prepare ready-made raw materials with sufficient amount of water to mix thoroughly, and then carry out composting. If the temperature is above 0°C, use hot water to warm up, and if it is lower than 0°C, it should be ignited to warm up. First of all, pile up a horse dung at the bottom. In the middle of the horse dung, one pit is emptied, some dry firewood is placed in the pit, ignited, and then the other crop stalks are weighed about 20 cm. After seeing the smoke, a layer of horse dung is added. When the heat around the heap is heated, Add ready-mixed ingredients around the heap. The amount of material that can be added at one time cannot be too much, where to add raw materials where hot air is used, and no raw materials can be added without heating. At the same time, it is necessary to make piles as large as possible to speed up the fermentation process. The stack height should generally be about 1.5 meters.
5. Strictly control the temperature inside the heap. It usually begins to heat up within about 7 days of the reactor and will soon become hot. During the fermentation, the temperature should be controlled at 50°C--60°C, which is the most favorable for cellulolytic bacterial activity. If the temperature exceeds 70°C, the bacterial activity will stop. Therefore, the corn straw must first be soaked in moisture during the composting process to soften the straw tissue and facilitate the decomposition of microorganisms. Some nutrients must be dissolved in water. It is absorbed and utilized by microorganisms, which can speed up the fermentation and decomposition of straw. Also prevent the temperature from dragging down the fermentation time. After the snowfall, remove the snow from the heap in time to prevent it from falling due to freezing.
6. Create conditions for microbiological activities. The decomposition process of corn straw fertilizer is the process of microbial decomposition of organic matter. The speed of decomposition of straw is closely related to microbial activity. Therefore, at the time of composting, it is necessary to properly add some human excrement or ammonium bicarbonate to adjust the ratio of carbon to nitrogen and to promote the decomposition of microorganisms; secondly, it should be carried out after 10 days of heaping and then once every 7 Turn over once a day for a total of 3 turns - 4 times. The role of turning is mainly to mix the raw materials evenly, make them consistent with the heat, facilitate the circulation of air, ensure the aerobic microorganisms to multiply faster, promote the rot of the straw, and shorten the stacking time.
7. Timely mediation of pH within the reactor. Microorganisms in the heap are suitable for activities under neutral and slightly alkaline conditions. When the acidity is too high, lime or ash can be added in an appropriate amount to neutralize the acidity in the heap to ensure that the microorganisms have a good living environment after 25 days. - Quality standards can be reached in -30 days.
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