First, perennial herb, plant height 30-100 cm, whole plant smooth and glabrous, root hypertrophy, tan or grayish brown, stem erect, leaf ovate to lanceolate, 2 to 7 cm long, 0.5 to 3 cm wide The tip is acuminate, the edge is sharply serrated, and the base is wedge-shaped. Flowering from July to September and fruiting from August to October.
Second, the growth environment Campanulaceae like cool and moist, hi light, cold. The suitable temperature range for the growth is 10°C to 20°C, the optimum temperature is 20°C, and the low temperature of -20°C can be tolerated. Plants grow well in deep, loose, fertile, well-drained humus or sandy loam. Fear of water, soil water can cause root rot.
Third, planting technology
1. The selection of the site for the establishment of the Platycodon grandiflorum is a deep-rooted plant. The soil with deep, loose and fertile soil and well-drained humus or sandy soil should be selected. After selecting the land, apply 2,500 kilograms of compost per acre, add 20 kg of superphosphate, and throw it into the ground. Dip deeper than 30 centimeters and smooth it.
2, timely planting of Platycodon grandiflora seed propagation, spring sowing, autumn or winter sowing can be used 2 acres of species. It is also possible to transplant seedlings for transplanting, because the direct seeding yield is higher than that of transplanting, and there is less root bifurcation, which facilitates scraping processing and has good quality. Note that the use of seeds to reproduce must use new seeds that year, the new seeds germinate quickly, the germination rate is high, the seedlings grow evenly, robust, and conducive to management, the next year's Chen seed germination rate is low or can not germinate.
In order to increase the seed germination rate, the seeds can be treated first, soaked in warm water for 12 hours before sowing, and then mixed with suitable amount of wet sand. After several days of seeding, the germination rate can be significantly increased. Using the method of seeding, a total of 18-21 cm in length was ditched, about 2 cm deep, and 1 cm thick after sowing. Or the use of more advanced wide-beam method, that is, the width of the ditch is 10 cm, line spacing does not change, after the broadcast cover soil, wide-slide method has many advantages, such as simple management, product quality and so on. Appropriate temperature, about 15 days to emerge.
Fourth, field management
1, reasonably close planting spacing 17-20 cm, spacing 3-5 cm. Too dense, the plants grow thin and vulnerable to pests and diseases. Diluted, low yield. With the appropriate seedlings with wide width seeding method, the seedlings are not crowded and there is no need for excessive seedlings. Proper close planting is the key to increasing production.
2, cultivating grass platycodoncosis grow slowly in the early stage, easy to breed weeds, should be promptly removed, to prevent the spread of grass caused by grassland. The planting site shall be irrigated with water first, and once the soil is wet and dry, the soil shall be loosened once, so as to prevent the ground from cracking the wind and causing dead seedlings. The cultivator should be carried out when the dryness of the soil is moderate. After the plants are grown and ridged, they no longer need to be cultivated and irrigated.
3, Top dressing should be followed by 1-2 times of thin human waste to promote seedling growth. At the end of June, additional flowering fertilizers were used, mainly phosphorus and potash fertilizers, to prevent the excessive growth of nutrients and the effects of flowering. After winter, it is necessary to re-apply over-wintering fertilizer and combine soil fertilization with fertilization. When the spring planting height is about 1 meter in spring, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be appropriately controlled, and top-dressing of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be used to make the stalk grow stout, which can prevent or reduce lodging.
4, Sparsely flowering and fruiting Bellflowers have a long flowering period and consume large amounts of nutrients, affecting root growth. In addition to leaving the fields, thinning and fruit thinning can increase the yield and quality of roots, and artificial flower buds can be removed from the production, such as cutting off buds with a hoe. Or with multiple setbacks, spraying at full bloom can prevent flowering.
5. The density of planted bellflowers is high. In the summer when the temperature and humidity are high and humid, drainage drainage should be done in time to prevent the accumulation of water and roots, resulting in reduced production.
V. Major pests and diseases
Root rot (1). Symptoms are a type of root disease caused by fungus fungi known as Fusarium. Onset period from June to August, the initial root was brownish and rotted, and then gradually expanded. When the onset was severe, the above-ground part withered and died.
(2) Prevention and treatment method A, pay attention to crop rotation, remove water in time. For planting in low-lying or rainy areas, sorghum should be used. B. Apply more base fertilizer during site preparation, improve soil, and increase plant disease resistance. Apply lime powder 50 to 100 kg per mu to reduce the hazard, or disinfect the soil with 5 kg carbendazim per acre. Use 50% thiophanate-1000 for disease incidence. Times pouring prevention. C, timely removal of diseased plants.
2. Purple feather disease (1). Symptoms are caused by a basidiomycete in the fungus. Endanger the roots, first by the fibrous roots began to disease, and then extended to the main root; the disease was initially yellow-white, can be seen white fungus cable, then changed to purple brown, the roots of the disease from the outside to the inside rotten, the appearance of woven cord into the mycelium membrane, rupture Outflow residue. The diseased plants on the ground gradually yellowed and withered from the bottom up and eventually died.
(2) Control methods are the same as root rot.
Six, harvest processing
1, harvested planting Campanulaceae due to different regions and sowing date, harvesting years are also different, usually the harvest that year, or harvest the following year, the Northeast can be slightly earlier, the harvest period can be in the end of September to mid-October or spring of autumn Campanulaceae before germination. The autumn harvester is of high quality and quality. Generally, when the stems and leaves on the ground are withered, excavation will be carried out. The roots that have been excavated too early will not be fully enriched, and the dry rate will be low, affecting the yield; the harvest will not be easy to strip. When digging, prevent the main root from being cut off.
2. After the fresh root is processed and excavated, go to the net soil and reed head, scrape the cork with a bamboo knife, wooden rib, porcelain, etc., wash, dry, or dry. The skin must be freshly shaved, and for a long time, the root bark would be difficult to shave. After shave skin should be dried in time. Too many bellflowers can't be processed, and they can be buried in sand to prevent the skin from drying and shrinking. This can be easily peeled. The dry rate is 30%.
The quality of Campanulaceae is preferably rooted, white, or slightly yellowish, solid and chrysanthemum.
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