Virus-free seed is a production method that uses virus-free miniature potatoes produced under protective facilities as seed potatoes, and breeds good seed potatoes on high-altitude cold and cold mountainous areas on certain isolated land. The main purpose is to breed potato detoxified varieties, which is different from field cultivation methods.
First, fine preparation, shallow cover
Based on the selection of loose texture (strong sandy) and fertile plots, deep plowing and two or three raking and raking are performed to loosen the soil in the farming layer. After sowing and fertilizing with a cow ditch, cover the soil with a hoe and cover the depth of 3-5 centimeters to ensure that the seedlings will emerge uniformly and quickly.
2. Fertilization in stages and reasonable close planting
Virus-free mini potatoes (single potato weighing 2-10g) have small seed potatoes, few bud eyes and weak buds. One-time application of 60-80 kg of special fertilizer as a base fertilizer will burn seed potatoes and seedlings, and require half as the base fertilizer and half as the top dressing. Virus-free microtuber seed potatoes are small in size, and the branches of the plants they grow are relatively short. Increasing the seeding density can achieve high yield. Seed potatoes with a weight of 2 to 5 g have a density of 6000 to 8000 plants / mu, and seed potatoes with a weight of 5 to 10 g are 4000 to 6000 plants / mu. Single ridge planting, row spacing of 0.5-0.6 meters, plant spacing of 0.18-0.25 meters.
3. Timely sowing and timely cultivating yarrow
It is advisable to plant from late March to early April. Xuanwei's spring cold is very serious, and timely seeding is very important. For example, if the seeding is too early, the seedlings will be dry for a long time, and there is no irrigation condition. The plants have not grown and expanded, and the potatoes will compete for nutrients. To resolve this contradiction, the planting period should be appropriately postponed so that it is close to or enters the rainy season after emergence. The soil in the field is in good condition, which is conducive to the growth of rhizomes, leaves, and full use of the fast-growing advantages of potatoes. In order to obtain high quality and high yield. Time-cultivating barnyard grass is also an important link in the production of original seeds. For example, when the large potato block is planted as a mother ’s fat, the miniature potato is used as a breeding seed. The weak and thin plants are weak and the competitiveness of the weeds and weeds. It is relatively poor, and weeding should be done as soon as possible to dry the weeds and promote seedling growth.
Fourth, early topdressing and soil cultivation
Except for a few late-maturing varieties with a relatively long growth period, potatoes are generally not topdressed. The topdressing of the breeding original seed is to consider the emergence of virus-free microtuber. Therefore, after the seedlings are planted, the topdressing is combined with the middle farming as soon as possible to promote the rapid growth of the seedlings. It is usually carried out within one week after Qimiao. Seedlings made of virus-free micro seed potatoes have weak seedlings and small growth volume, and they must be cultivated in stages, usually two to three times. To ensure that the effective photosynthetic green leaf area of ​​the plant is not buried by the cultivated soil, the plant can be fully grown.
V. Prevent and control pests and diseases
In the spring season, the original species are propagated, entering the middle and late June. On the one hand, the rainfall increases, the air humidity is high, and the temperature is suitable for the late blight. On the other hand, the potato plant enters the flowering and tuberifying period, and the disease resistance is reduced. If it happens, it should be prevented in time. Potatoes are bred in the original breeding, and there are more or less mixed plants in the field. In order to ensure the quality of seed potatoes, they should be carefully taken out. For some early-maturing varieties or varieties with early tubers, spray with a systemic herbicide solution to kill the plants and potato pieces. When spraying, put the nozzle on the hood without spraying the next plants. , Pull out the hybrids directly before the tubers bloom.
Seven, early collection, timely packaging
The purpose of the original potato production is to produce robust, high-quality, and strong yield-increasing seed potatoes. There are certain differences from commercial potatoes for production and processing of raw materials or direct consumption. They should be harvested 10-15 days in advance to reduce the entry of viruses in the stems and leaves. Seed potatoes, slow down the degradation rate of seed potatoes, extend the useful life and increase the yield. When harvesting, choose a sunny day. When the relative water holding capacity of the soil field is less than 30-40%, the potato pieces are not clay. It is better for indoor storage and storage. It can be bagged, stored, and transported in layers for 40-50 days.
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