Central China is characterized by four distinct seasons, hot summers and cold winters, with a minimum temperature of -8°C and a duration of up to 2 to 4 months. In winter, pigs are raised in open-type pig houses with low weight gain and low benefits. The purpose of this experiment is to close the pig house through a roller blind cloth and use the pig's own heat to keep warm and explore the optimal design for a suitable growing pig house in Central China.
1 Materials and Methods
1.1 Construction and management of pig houses
1.1.1 Traditional pig houses in semi-open pig houses are facing south to the north, closed to the north, and the arched doors to the south are open. There are sports fields and drinking fountains. 8 square meters in each column, 3 square meters of playground outside, and straw mats for pig houses.
1.1.2 Closed-type pig houses For open-type pig houses, the south and north sides are closed with roller blinds, ceilings are nailed to the ceiling, and the whole building is equipped with growing pigs. There is no padding in the pig house.
1.2 Pig grouping and feeding management
1.2.1 For test pigs, 30 litters of 30 days old Landrace pigs were selected. The nests were divided into two groups. Each group consisted of 3 replicates, each with 5 replicates. The open pig house pigs were used as the control group, and the closed pig house was the experimental group. One person is responsible for feeding the two groups.
1.2.2 Diet composition and nutrient level Diet composition (%): corn 66, soybean meal 22, wheat bran 4, imported fish meal 2, feed yeast powder 3, oil 1, pig medium pig premix 4, total 100; nutrition Concentrations: DE 13.62 MJ/kg, CP 18%, Lysl 1%, Ca 0.8%, P 0.65%. The pellets are made from our factory feed mills.
1.2.3 Test method The test was conducted one week prior to vaccination and deworming of swine fever. At the beginning and at the end of the test pigs, the records were weighed on an empty stomach in the morning. The same diet is eaten freely, and the consumption of material is recorded. It is convenient to end the calculation of the ratio of feed to weight, free drinking water, and early and late collection of excrement. The hygrometer was hung at a height of 1 meter from the pig and the temperature was recorded by the person at the early, middle and late nights. The test period was from December 7, 1998 to January 6, 1999, and the test period was 30 days. Test site: Changbai Pig Breeding Farm, Hubei Livestock Breeding Farm.
2. Test results
During the 30-day experimental period, the average temperature of the closed pigs was 8°C to 10.77°C higher than that of the open-type pigs, which had a good effect on the pigs. °C
2.1 From Table 1, there was a slight difference in feed intake, and the ratio of feed to weight was 0.27, with no significant difference (P0.05). The difference in daily weight was 113 g, with a significant difference (P0.05).
2.2 Benefits It was determined that during the 30-day test period, each pig in the closed pig house gained 3.46 kg more, saving 0.92 kg of feed and increasing the average head weight by 26 yuan. Preliminary settlement showed that the growth of pigs in closed pig houses in Wantou commercial pig farms was 130,000 yuan more than that in open pig farms.
3 Conclusion
3.1 Semi-open pig houses in central China can not meet the temperature requirements for growing pigs in winter, and winter warmth can significantly increase the growth rate of pigs and increase the economic benefits of pig farms.
3.2 According to the climate characteristics of central China, the open-type pig houses are conducive to summer ventilation. It is practical and economical to use the roller blinds to keep the pigs warm in the open pig houses in winter.
Different levels of lysine are needed during different stages of the fattening phase. The United States recently reported stage feeding and sex-feeding methods. Each sex-finishing pig was fed 5 to 6 diets in stages.
Using the above method, the high lysine diet in the growth period can be gradually transferred to the low-lysine diet in the late fattening period. The lysine requirement of pigs will decrease rapidly with increasing body weight, which has been confirmed by the Institute for High-quality Lean Meat. Field data shows that the dietary lysine requirement for pigs at the 40-65 kg body weight stage is 1.0%-1.2%, but the dietary lysine requirement after 85 kg body weight does not exceed 0.65%.
For pigs with a body weight of 85-110 kg, the feed conversion rate was 3.61 when the dietary lysine level was 0.65%, and when the dietary lysine levels were 0.90%, 0.8%, and 0.5%, the feed conversion rates were 4.12, 3.83, and 3.92. Excessive feeding of lysine at the late stage of fattening not only increases unnecessary feed costs, reduces feed utilization, but also increases nitrogen excretion (0.1% per lysine requirement exceeded, and nitrogen excretion increased by more than 10%. ).
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