1) sowing
1 timely sowing. The optimum period for sowing garlic is to make the plants grow to 5-6 leaves before wintering. At this time, the cold resistance of the plants is the strongest. It will not be frozen in the cold winter and lay a good foundation for the plants to pass vernalization smoothly. The Yangtze River basin and its south area are generally sown in mid- and late September. The cool weather in the Yangtze River basin in September is suitable for the emergence and growth of garlic seedlings. If sowing is too early, the seedlings grow too prosperous before winter and consume nutrients, then they reduce their ability to overwinter, they may also renew vernalization, cause secondary growth, and in the second year, they will form crushed garlic and reduce the quality of garlic. If sowing is too late, the seedlings will be small, the tissues will be tender, the roots will be weak, the accumulated nutrients will be less, the cold resistance will be lower, and the death will be more during the winter. Therefore, garlic must strictly control the sowing period.
2 reasonable dense planting. Close planting is the basis for increasing production. The yield of garlic sprouts and garlic bulbs is composed of the number of plants per acre, the number of garlic plants per plant, the weight of pods, and the weight of pods. According to the characteristics of the varieties, proper close planting should be done so that there are more plants per acre. Early-maturing varieties generally have shorter plants, fewer leaves, shorter growth periods, and correspondingly higher densities. It is better to plant about 50,000 mu per plant, with a row spacing of 14 to 17 cm, a plant spacing of 7 to 8 cm, and mu for species 150. ~ 200 kg. The mid-late-maturing varieties have long growth periods, tall plants, a large number of leaves, and correspondingly small densities, so that the structure of the population can be rational to make full use of light energy. Density should be controlled in acres of planting 40,000 up and down, spacing 16 to 18 centimeters, about 10 centimeters of plant spacing, about 150 kilograms of planting species.
3 sowing method. "Slowly planting onions and shallow cultivation of garlic" is the experience gained by farmers for years of practice. Garlic sowing is generally suitable for a depth of 3 to 4 cm. There are two kinds of garlic sowing methods: one is to insert seeds, insert the species flap into soil, cover the soil after sowing, and practise; second, open the ditch, so as to open a shallow ditch with a hoe and plant the seeds in the soil. After opening a ditch, the soil that was opened at the same time was overlaid on the flap of the previous row. After sowing, the thickness of the cover soil is about 2 cm. The foot is light and practical, and the water is poured. To prevent drought, cover the soil with two layers of straw or other moisturizing materials. Planting should not be too deep, too late is the emergence of seedlings late, false stem is too long, the roots of water-absorbing fertilizer, excessive growth, garlic formation difficult to expand by the soil squeeze; but planting should not be too shallow, too shallow, easy to jump when the seedling The seedling rhizosphere is prone to lack of water, poor root development, and it is susceptible to freezing and death during wintering.
(2) Field Management
1 top dressing. Although garlic seedlings have nutrients in their growth stages, it is still appropriate to top-dress fertilizers in order to promote seedling growth and increase the plant nutrient area. Because the ability of the garlic root to absorb water and fertilizer is weak, the top dressing should be applied with quick-effect fertilizer so as to avoid the appearance of yellowing of the tip of the fertilizer. Garlic dressing usually 3 to 4 times, divided into:
Seedling fertilizer: Garlic out of Qimiao, Shi light human urine raise seedlings, avoid application of ammonium bicarbonate, to prevent burn seedlings.
Sheng Changfei: After sowing for 60-80 days, reapply 1 person's human and animal husbandry fertilizer plus chemical fertilizer, 20-30 tons per mu, 10 kg of ammonium sulfate, 5 kg of potassium sulfate or potassium chloride. Early-maturing varieties can be caught early, and late-maturing varieties can catch up, promoting vigorous growth of seedlings, thick stems and leaves, and less yellow tips or yellow tips when they are rotten.
Pregnancy: After planting garlic, the flower buds and scale buds gradually differentiate into the elongation period of the flower stems. In this period, the old roots were old and new roots occurred. At the same time, the stems and leaves and garlic sprouts were also rapidly elongating. The garlic also began to slowly expand. Therefore, more nutrients were needed and the available potassium and nitrogen fertilizers (comparatively compound fertilizers) should be reused for 10 to 15 kg. It was applied in the first half month of the end of the current period (the exudation seedlings were observed to have short stings on the lower part of the pseudo-stem) to meet the needs and to promote the fast and vigorous growth of the garlic bulbs.
Garlic swelling fertilizer: early maturing and early mid-maturing varieties, due to garlic when the temperature is not high expansion; garlic expansion period correspondingly longer, in order to promote garlic hypertrophy, top garlic must be applied after harvesting available nitrogen and potassium fertilizers. Such as: NPK composite fertilizer Mushi 5 to 10 kg, if the single application of urea, 5 kg can be, can not be applied too much, otherwise it will cause the formation of garlic buds turn green, and re-long leaves and consume garlic nutrients . Topdressing should be carried out before the garlic pods are harvested. When the garlic pods are harvested, they are rich in nutrients and promote the expansion of garlic heads. If topdressing is carried out after harvesting the garlic pods, it will easily lead to a reduction in greediness. If the soil is fatter and the garlic leaves are thicker and darker, you may not apply large-scale fertilizers. The late-maturing varieties have a high temperature due to convulsions, and they usually receive garlic after 20 to 25 days after harvesting, so they can also avoid large-scale fertilizers.
2 Moisture Management
Qi seedling stage: generally sowing seedlings 1 week. After applying the Qi Miao fertilizer, if the soil is dry, it can be filled with water once to promote seedling growth.
Early seedling stage: The seedling stage is a crucial period for the differentiation and formation of garlic vegetative organs. After the garlic is inoculated, it enters the early stage of seedling growth. Since irrigation is done once after the seedlings are added, and the period in the Yangtze River Basin is also at a time when there is more autumn rain, it is necessary to control the irrigation and pay attention to the drainage work in the fields after the autumn rain.
Seedlings in the middle and late stages: It is marked by the end of wintering and the end of retreat. This phase is longer, it is also an important period for the growth of garlic nutrition. Precipitation in many parts of the country has decreased significantly before winter. The soil is dry and should be irrigated once; after the winter, the temperature gradually rises, and the seedlings begin to grow vigorously. The water should be promptly irrigated to promote the growth of garlic leaves and thicken pseudostems.
Convulsive period: The leaves of garlic seedlings have all been exhibited, the leaf area has reached the peak, the root system has also expanded to the maximum extent, and the growth of garlic sprouts has been accelerated. This period is the period when the maximum amount of fertilizer is needed, and it should be timely watered after chasing pregnant fertilisers. Pumping water. After the “present tailâ€, it is necessary to continuously water the seedlings with water to promote seedlings, and stop watering until 2 to 3 days before harvesting to facilitate storage and transportation.
Garlic swelling period: garlic sprouts are watered immediately after harvest to promote the rapid expansion of garlic and weight gain. Before harvesting garlic. Watering was stopped for 5 days to control the growth and promote the assimilation of leaf material to the garlic head.
3 Cultivated weeding. Herbicides can be sprayed before sowing until emergence. Praxanthine: It is effective against crabgrass, gray ashes, alfalfa and foxtail. 50% of the pomegranate net mu 100 to 150 grams of medication. Simazine and Atrazine: 120-240 grams of medication. Weeding through: Mu 35 to 6S grams of medication.
For garlic fields dominated by monocotyledonous weeds, 120-150 g of Daweili per mu should be diluted with 30-50 kg of water for 5-7 days after sowing (before emergence) and sprayed at night. For garlic fields dominated by dicotyledonous broadleaf weeds, use 25% eviagrass 120-150 ml or 24% gourd 45-60 ml per acre, and add water for 4-10 days (before emergence) 40-60 Kilograms, evening spray. Seedling growth period of garlic seedlings, when the weeds just sprouted, they were cultivated, and weeds were also removed. Weeds were also removed from the weeds that were difficult to cultivate between the plants to avoid competing with the garlic.
(3) Harvesting
1 Harvest garlic sprouts. When a common garlic sprout pulls out a leaf sheath and begins to bend, it is a suitable period for collecting garlic sprouts. Harvesting garlic sprouts has a great influence on the yield and quality of garlic sprouts sooner or later. Picking is too early, the yield is not high, it is easy to break, and the commodity is poor. When the pick is too late, it can increase the yield, but it consumes too much nutrients, which affects the growth and development of the garlic. Moreover, the garlic sprouts are aged and the fibers increase; especially the garlic sprouts are aging at the base. Unable to eat.
Harvesting garlic sprouts is best performed at noon and in the afternoon on sunny days. At this time, the plants are somewhat wilted. Leaf sheaths and garlic sprouts are easily separated. The leaves have toughness and are not easily broken, which can reduce the wounded leaves. If the garlic sprouts are harvested after rain or rain, the plants have fully absorbed water, and garlic sprouts and leaves have poor toughness and are easily broken.
The method of picking should be based on specific conditions. The main purpose of collecting garlic sprouts is as follows. For example, dihydrated early garlic has tight leaf sheaths. In order to obtain high yields, the stems can be cut open or cut with needles. The yield of garlic sprouts is high and the quality is excellent. However, after the pseudo stems are cut, the plants are easy to die. The yield is low and the flaps are easy to spread. The main purpose is to harvest garlic, such as Cangshan garlic picking should try to keep the false stems intact and promote the growth of garlic. When picking a pickaxe, the left stem is often pinched to the pseudo-3rd to 4th leaves, and the right hand extracts the garlic sprouts. Although this method slightly lowers the yield of garlic sprouts, the false stems are lightly damaged and the plants remain upright, which is conducive to the growth of garlic bulbs.
2 receive garlic. After 15 to 20 days (mostly 18 days), garlic can be harvested. The signs for proper harvesting of garlic heads are: Most of the leaves are dry, the upper leaves fade into gray-green, the tips of the leaves dry and sags, the pseudo-stems are in a soft state, and the garlic grows into a basic shape. Late collection, garlic tender and more water, the organization is not full, not full, easy to dry after storage; collection too late, garlic easy to disperse, pull garlic garlic easily scattered, loss of commodity value. When collecting garlic, hard-to-use dig, softly pull directly by hand. After the garlic was brought to the field, the rear row of garlic leaves was placed on the front row of the head, only sunburned, not sunburned, to prevent the garlic from burning or turning green. After 2 to 3 days of frequent turning, the stems and leaves can be stored dry.
1 timely sowing. The optimum period for sowing garlic is to make the plants grow to 5-6 leaves before wintering. At this time, the cold resistance of the plants is the strongest. It will not be frozen in the cold winter and lay a good foundation for the plants to pass vernalization smoothly. The Yangtze River basin and its south area are generally sown in mid- and late September. The cool weather in the Yangtze River basin in September is suitable for the emergence and growth of garlic seedlings. If sowing is too early, the seedlings grow too prosperous before winter and consume nutrients, then they reduce their ability to overwinter, they may also renew vernalization, cause secondary growth, and in the second year, they will form crushed garlic and reduce the quality of garlic. If sowing is too late, the seedlings will be small, the tissues will be tender, the roots will be weak, the accumulated nutrients will be less, the cold resistance will be lower, and the death will be more during the winter. Therefore, garlic must strictly control the sowing period.
2 reasonable dense planting. Close planting is the basis for increasing production. The yield of garlic sprouts and garlic bulbs is composed of the number of plants per acre, the number of garlic plants per plant, the weight of pods, and the weight of pods. According to the characteristics of the varieties, proper close planting should be done so that there are more plants per acre. Early-maturing varieties generally have shorter plants, fewer leaves, shorter growth periods, and correspondingly higher densities. It is better to plant about 50,000 mu per plant, with a row spacing of 14 to 17 cm, a plant spacing of 7 to 8 cm, and mu for species 150. ~ 200 kg. The mid-late-maturing varieties have long growth periods, tall plants, a large number of leaves, and correspondingly small densities, so that the structure of the population can be rational to make full use of light energy. Density should be controlled in acres of planting 40,000 up and down, spacing 16 to 18 centimeters, about 10 centimeters of plant spacing, about 150 kilograms of planting species.
3 sowing method. "Slowly planting onions and shallow cultivation of garlic" is the experience gained by farmers for years of practice. Garlic sowing is generally suitable for a depth of 3 to 4 cm. There are two kinds of garlic sowing methods: one is to insert seeds, insert the species flap into soil, cover the soil after sowing, and practise; second, open the ditch, so as to open a shallow ditch with a hoe and plant the seeds in the soil. After opening a ditch, the soil that was opened at the same time was overlaid on the flap of the previous row. After sowing, the thickness of the cover soil is about 2 cm. The foot is light and practical, and the water is poured. To prevent drought, cover the soil with two layers of straw or other moisturizing materials. Planting should not be too deep, too late is the emergence of seedlings late, false stem is too long, the roots of water-absorbing fertilizer, excessive growth, garlic formation difficult to expand by the soil squeeze; but planting should not be too shallow, too shallow, easy to jump when the seedling The seedling rhizosphere is prone to lack of water, poor root development, and it is susceptible to freezing and death during wintering.
(2) Field Management
1 top dressing. Although garlic seedlings have nutrients in their growth stages, it is still appropriate to top-dress fertilizers in order to promote seedling growth and increase the plant nutrient area. Because the ability of the garlic root to absorb water and fertilizer is weak, the top dressing should be applied with quick-effect fertilizer so as to avoid the appearance of yellowing of the tip of the fertilizer. Garlic dressing usually 3 to 4 times, divided into:
Seedling fertilizer: Garlic out of Qimiao, Shi light human urine raise seedlings, avoid application of ammonium bicarbonate, to prevent burn seedlings.
Sheng Changfei: After sowing for 60-80 days, reapply 1 person's human and animal husbandry fertilizer plus chemical fertilizer, 20-30 tons per mu, 10 kg of ammonium sulfate, 5 kg of potassium sulfate or potassium chloride. Early-maturing varieties can be caught early, and late-maturing varieties can catch up, promoting vigorous growth of seedlings, thick stems and leaves, and less yellow tips or yellow tips when they are rotten.
Pregnancy: After planting garlic, the flower buds and scale buds gradually differentiate into the elongation period of the flower stems. In this period, the old roots were old and new roots occurred. At the same time, the stems and leaves and garlic sprouts were also rapidly elongating. The garlic also began to slowly expand. Therefore, more nutrients were needed and the available potassium and nitrogen fertilizers (comparatively compound fertilizers) should be reused for 10 to 15 kg. It was applied in the first half month of the end of the current period (the exudation seedlings were observed to have short stings on the lower part of the pseudo-stem) to meet the needs and to promote the fast and vigorous growth of the garlic bulbs.
Garlic swelling fertilizer: early maturing and early mid-maturing varieties, due to garlic when the temperature is not high expansion; garlic expansion period correspondingly longer, in order to promote garlic hypertrophy, top garlic must be applied after harvesting available nitrogen and potassium fertilizers. Such as: NPK composite fertilizer Mushi 5 to 10 kg, if the single application of urea, 5 kg can be, can not be applied too much, otherwise it will cause the formation of garlic buds turn green, and re-long leaves and consume garlic nutrients . Topdressing should be carried out before the garlic pods are harvested. When the garlic pods are harvested, they are rich in nutrients and promote the expansion of garlic heads. If topdressing is carried out after harvesting the garlic pods, it will easily lead to a reduction in greediness. If the soil is fatter and the garlic leaves are thicker and darker, you may not apply large-scale fertilizers. The late-maturing varieties have a high temperature due to convulsions, and they usually receive garlic after 20 to 25 days after harvesting, so they can also avoid large-scale fertilizers.
2 Moisture Management
Qi seedling stage: generally sowing seedlings 1 week. After applying the Qi Miao fertilizer, if the soil is dry, it can be filled with water once to promote seedling growth.
Early seedling stage: The seedling stage is a crucial period for the differentiation and formation of garlic vegetative organs. After the garlic is inoculated, it enters the early stage of seedling growth. Since irrigation is done once after the seedlings are added, and the period in the Yangtze River Basin is also at a time when there is more autumn rain, it is necessary to control the irrigation and pay attention to the drainage work in the fields after the autumn rain.
Seedlings in the middle and late stages: It is marked by the end of wintering and the end of retreat. This phase is longer, it is also an important period for the growth of garlic nutrition. Precipitation in many parts of the country has decreased significantly before winter. The soil is dry and should be irrigated once; after the winter, the temperature gradually rises, and the seedlings begin to grow vigorously. The water should be promptly irrigated to promote the growth of garlic leaves and thicken pseudostems.
Convulsive period: The leaves of garlic seedlings have all been exhibited, the leaf area has reached the peak, the root system has also expanded to the maximum extent, and the growth of garlic sprouts has been accelerated. This period is the period when the maximum amount of fertilizer is needed, and it should be timely watered after chasing pregnant fertilisers. Pumping water. After the “present tailâ€, it is necessary to continuously water the seedlings with water to promote seedlings, and stop watering until 2 to 3 days before harvesting to facilitate storage and transportation.
Garlic swelling period: garlic sprouts are watered immediately after harvest to promote the rapid expansion of garlic and weight gain. Before harvesting garlic. Watering was stopped for 5 days to control the growth and promote the assimilation of leaf material to the garlic head.
3 Cultivated weeding. Herbicides can be sprayed before sowing until emergence. Praxanthine: It is effective against crabgrass, gray ashes, alfalfa and foxtail. 50% of the pomegranate net mu 100 to 150 grams of medication. Simazine and Atrazine: 120-240 grams of medication. Weeding through: Mu 35 to 6S grams of medication.
For garlic fields dominated by monocotyledonous weeds, 120-150 g of Daweili per mu should be diluted with 30-50 kg of water for 5-7 days after sowing (before emergence) and sprayed at night. For garlic fields dominated by dicotyledonous broadleaf weeds, use 25% eviagrass 120-150 ml or 24% gourd 45-60 ml per acre, and add water for 4-10 days (before emergence) 40-60 Kilograms, evening spray. Seedling growth period of garlic seedlings, when the weeds just sprouted, they were cultivated, and weeds were also removed. Weeds were also removed from the weeds that were difficult to cultivate between the plants to avoid competing with the garlic.
(3) Harvesting
1 Harvest garlic sprouts. When a common garlic sprout pulls out a leaf sheath and begins to bend, it is a suitable period for collecting garlic sprouts. Harvesting garlic sprouts has a great influence on the yield and quality of garlic sprouts sooner or later. Picking is too early, the yield is not high, it is easy to break, and the commodity is poor. When the pick is too late, it can increase the yield, but it consumes too much nutrients, which affects the growth and development of the garlic. Moreover, the garlic sprouts are aged and the fibers increase; especially the garlic sprouts are aging at the base. Unable to eat.
Harvesting garlic sprouts is best performed at noon and in the afternoon on sunny days. At this time, the plants are somewhat wilted. Leaf sheaths and garlic sprouts are easily separated. The leaves have toughness and are not easily broken, which can reduce the wounded leaves. If the garlic sprouts are harvested after rain or rain, the plants have fully absorbed water, and garlic sprouts and leaves have poor toughness and are easily broken.
The method of picking should be based on specific conditions. The main purpose of collecting garlic sprouts is as follows. For example, dihydrated early garlic has tight leaf sheaths. In order to obtain high yields, the stems can be cut open or cut with needles. The yield of garlic sprouts is high and the quality is excellent. However, after the pseudo stems are cut, the plants are easy to die. The yield is low and the flaps are easy to spread. The main purpose is to harvest garlic, such as Cangshan garlic picking should try to keep the false stems intact and promote the growth of garlic. When picking a pickaxe, the left stem is often pinched to the pseudo-3rd to 4th leaves, and the right hand extracts the garlic sprouts. Although this method slightly lowers the yield of garlic sprouts, the false stems are lightly damaged and the plants remain upright, which is conducive to the growth of garlic bulbs.
2 receive garlic. After 15 to 20 days (mostly 18 days), garlic can be harvested. The signs for proper harvesting of garlic heads are: Most of the leaves are dry, the upper leaves fade into gray-green, the tips of the leaves dry and sags, the pseudo-stems are in a soft state, and the garlic grows into a basic shape. Late collection, garlic tender and more water, the organization is not full, not full, easy to dry after storage; collection too late, garlic easy to disperse, pull garlic garlic easily scattered, loss of commodity value. When collecting garlic, hard-to-use dig, softly pull directly by hand. After the garlic was brought to the field, the rear row of garlic leaves was placed on the front row of the head, only sunburned, not sunburned, to prevent the garlic from burning or turning green. After 2 to 3 days of frequent turning, the stems and leaves can be stored dry.
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