Longan safety winter method

Longan is a kind of valuable fruit. Fruit trees grow fast, have long fruit and long life, and they have developed rapidly in the province in recent years. However, longan tends to be cold and afraid of freezing, which is extremely vulnerable to low temperature frost. How to make longan safe winter? This is the technology that most growers of longan need to master. The low-temperature frost in the winter of 1999 caused many longan eyes in the province to be frostbite and frozen to death, resulting in major economic losses. In the winter of that year, Wuhua County Tobacco Company introduced a batch of golden autumn long eyes to be planted and planted. Due to successful cold protection measures, none of the fruit sprouts suffered freezing injury. Therefore, taking appropriate cold measures is the key to longan safety in winter. First, species planning. Longan is a subtropical fruit tree. Before the introduction, long-term research must be carried out on the local climate and geographical environment. Select suitable varieties for planting. According to the "Guangdong Longan Inspection Report" published in the "Guangdong Fruit Tree" period of the 1993.1 issue, "Guangdong is from Tai Po. Meizhou, Meixian, Xingning, Wuhua, Heyuan, Longmen, Fogang, Quang Ninh, and the south of Fengkai are all suitable for longan cultivation. In general, northern regions such as Meizhou and Heyuan emphasize the development of late-maturing varieties with strong cold tolerance. Introduce some improved varieties of Fujian; Pearl River Delta and other central regions focus on the development of medium-maturing varieties mainly composed of stone coffins and other varieties; Maoming, Zhanjiang and other southern regions focus on the development of early-maturing varieties such as Chuliang and Shuangmu, and can also be accompanied by For other species, we will gradually establish a base for planting, variety regionalization, and high quality products.” Accordingly, it is suggested that due to the vulnerability of low temperature frost in northern Guangdong, it is advisable to plant some late-maturing varieties with strong cold resistance, such as Lidongben, Golden autumn longan, large black round, blessing eyes, green skin, etc., for the rational planning of the orchard. Peak afforestation, mountainside fruit, fish under the mountain to form a favorable orchard microclimate. Second, the trunk is wrapped or painted white. The trunks are wrapped and painted white so that the main trunk can be free from frost damage. The materials for dressing can be film or straw. Straw stalks must be firmly attached to the straw when it is bandaged. For example, after coating, lime and yellow mud is better. Whitening the trunk can reduce the temperature difference between day and night, thus reducing the freezing injury. The whitening agent can use 10 parts of lime, 1 part of sulfur powder, 0.2 parts of salt and 30 parts of water. It can be prepared by adding a small amount of yellow mud. It can also be prepared with Bordeaux slurry or lime sulfur residue, and it can also be used to control pests and diseases of longan after whitening. A certain role. Third, the root disk coverage. Straw or weed can be used to cover the entire root plate and reach a certain thickness. This will increase the temperature and humidity around the rhizosphere so that the root system, especially the root neck, will not be frosted. Fire can also be used to cover the roots around the neck or soil in the winter. After the spring, the soil will be lost. Fourth, the tree frame covered. Covering the crown allows the shoots and spikes to be free from frost damage, especially young trees, which is the best way to ensure longan safety in winter. Bamboo scaffolding can be used as a tripod or square frame, and the straw is covered with straw. After the spring of the following year, the bamboo is put up and put away for use. The straw can be used as a material for expanding the soil. The tree can cover the canopy with a film or fertilizer bag. The disadvantage is that in case of wet and cold weather, it is easy to crush the shoots due to the accumulated water on the film. Therefore, we must pay close attention to the changes in the weather and cover and dismantle it in time. Fifth, strengthen fertilizer and water management and strictly control the winter shoots. Increase the production of organic fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, not partial nitrogen fertilizer. The last autumn shoot control is mature in early December. In the event of fall drought, it must be filled with water. The timely late autumn shoot is an important measure to control the winter shoots. Adding green leaf foliar fertilizer or potassium dihydrogen phosphate to the pesticide in the protective tip can make the shoot tip full and prosperous, thereby enhancing the cold resistance of the tree. Spraying 0.3%-0.5% paclobutrazol once after the autumn shoots matured can improve cold resistance of longan and promote flower bud differentiation. Sixth, night smoke. Frost is generally caused by the invasion of strong cold air. At night, the sky is cloudless, the temperature drops sharply, and the earth's radiation heat radiation is large. Smoke at night can resist the declining deposition of cold air while increasing orchard temperature. The weeds cleared in the winter gardens are piled on the top of the orchard's bottom, and the soil is pressed up. When the temperature drops below 4°C (about 2 o'clock in the morning), the smoke emitted by the fire can be released at sunrise. Cover the entire orchard before. In general, 4-6 fires per mu need to be used to cover the orchards with smoke generated from the combustion of red phosphorus and sulfur. Seven, spray the water in the morning. Before the sunrise, the frost on the canopy is sprayed with clear water, which can increase the temperature and humidity of the orchard so that the temperature of the longan will not rise due to the sudden rise of the sunrise, and the frost block will rapidly dissolve and increase the frost damage. 8. Immediately after frost, top dressing and rhizosphere fertilizer supplementation. Root fertilization can be sprayed with 0.3% urea + 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate for 1-2 times, and rhizosphere fertilizer can be applied with ammonium bicarbonate + phosphate fertilizer + manure, which can accelerate the restoration of tree vigor. Nine, promptly pruned frostbite leaves. The frozen leaves of the leaves are cut off and the leaves are cut off; the frozen branches of the branches are cut off at the junction of dry and dry branches; the main branches and main branches of the frozen branches are sawn off the main branches or trunks to promote the sprouting and cultivation of new canopies. Big cuts are best applied with thiophanate liquid and then wrapped with a thin film or coated with burdock yellow mud in order to facilitate wound healing and promote new hair. The above measures are commonly used to make longan safe for winter, as well as measures such as irrigation of orchards a week before the onset of frost, spraying of steam-suppressing and heat-insulating agents, antifreeze, and use of wind-heating machines to increase the orchard temperature during low-temperature frost. .

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