Liriomyza sativae is native to Brazil and belongs to the order Diptera, Laminidae, Liriomyza, and Liriomyza. Since the late 1940s, it has become popular in Florida, Hawaii and other places. It is the enemy of vegetable production in the Americas. It was introduced to China in 1993 and is now distributed throughout most of the country's vegetable production areas. Some of these areas are seriously endangered by the spotted fly, even on certain vegetables (such as cucumbers) reaching the level of absolute production. 1. Hosts and Hazards 1.1 The host of the host Liriomyza sativae is widespread. The most harmful plants are larvae that feed on the mesophyll cells and petioles between the upper and lower epidermis of the leaves of plants. Adult feeding and oviposition holes can also cause certain damage. He likes plants such as legumes, cucurbits and Solanaceae. In China, more than 80 species of plants have been found in 16 families. The main types of harmful vegetables include: cucumber, gourd, and zucchini of the Cucurbitaceae; tomatoes, peppers, and potatoes of the Solanaceae; kidney beans, peas, cowpeas, etc. of the leguminous family; lettuces, lettuces, and garland chrysanthemums of the Asteraceae; Mustard, cabbage, cabbage, radish, etc.; celery in the Umbelliferae family and leeks in the family Polygonaceae. 1.2 The main manifestations of the damage of Liriomyza sativae Blanche 1 is the damage to the seedlings, which causes the plants to grow weak and grow slowly. In severe cases, the seedlings die. 2 The larvae feed on the leaves and the stabbed leaves of the adults, which directly affect the light and function of the plants, and reduce the photosynthetic rate and nutrient conduction of the leaves of the plants, resulting in a decrease in yield and a decrease in quality. The wounds caused by L. sativae provide invasive pathways and breeding sites for other pathogens, but they themselves can also transmit a variety of viruses, aggravating the damage to the plants. 4 The larvae feed on the leaves of ornamental plants, leaving holes, which cause engraved points for the damage of adults and reduce the ornamental value of the plants. 2. Biology learning and transmission pathways 1 Occurrence of the adult of Liriomyza sativae usually occurs in the morning and is most active around noon. Rainy days inhabit the backside of the leaves, and it is active in the lower part of the plants at high temperatures. Female adults like to feed and lay eggs on the leaves of mustard, cabbage, and other plants of legumes, melons, solanaceae, and cruciferous families, resulting in the death of plant cells and the formation of numerous engraved points. Males cannot injure the leaves, but they can feed on wounds made by females. Adults have light, honey, yellow and green. The suitable temperature for larvae growth is 20-30°C, and the development period is 4-7 days. If it is over 30°C or lower than 20°C, it will develop slowly and the mortality of immature larvae will be higher. Adult life is generally 7 to 20 days. (2) The fly ability of adult Liriomyza sativae is limited, and long-distance transmission is the main route for transporting host plants. Among them, the leaves with worms are mainly used for long-distance transmission, and plant residues such as stems and vines are secondarily transmitted. Fresh cut flowers are a more dangerous route of transmission and should attract attention. 3. Comprehensive Prevention and Control Techniques 3.1 Strengthen Plant Quarantine Strictly quarantine plant quarantine and prohibit the transfer of leafy vegetables from the affected area; guarana, beans and their packaging and filling materials must be subject to quarantine and must not carry host plants. Leaves, stems and vines and other debris; flowers in the transfer of quarantine, the qualified products can be adjusted. 3.2 Agricultural Control 1 Clean the vegetable garden and deteriorate the living conditions of pests. During production, weeds are removed every other week in fields and greenhouses or in greenhouses to remove diseased leaves. Once harvested, all the remaining vegetables, leaves, and weeds will be removed in a timely and thorough manner to clean their breeding sites and reduce or eliminate the source of insects. 2 Thoroughly deal with pest residues. For insect remnants, they can be poured with kerosene or burned with gasoline. They can also be poured into plastic bags and closed for 20 to 30 days to kill the insects. 3 kinds of vegetables reasonable layout. Promote the interplanting of non-host plants of Liriomyza sativae or bitter gourd, onion, garlic, etc., which are not susceptible to insects, and avoid the high “flower arrangement†cultivation of melons, beans and leafy vegetables. 4 strengthen the rotation. The vegetable production area should be based on the obvious characteristics of the above-mentioned Liriomyza sativae, and adapt to local conditions for rotation. 3.3 Physical control 1 According to the yellowish habit of Liriomyza huidobrensis, the yellow plate was used to kill the adult of Liriomyza sativae. In vegetable gardens, greenhouses, greenhouses and other facilities, hang waste fibreboard or cardboard (1m 0.2m) coated with yellow paint on both sides. Apply a layer of viscous oil every 5 to 7 days (add a little bit of oil and mix with oil No. 10). Several times in a row. Hang 25 to 30 pieces per mu and place them in rows, which can be the same height as the plants. 2 Use solar energy for high temperature sterilization. In the summer and autumn seasons, the use of facilities during the idle period, the use of closed greenhouses, greenhouses measures, selected sunny high temperature stuffy shed for a week or so, so that the maximum temperature in the facility reached 60 ~ 70 °C, can kill pests. In the vegetable garden, it can be covered with a plastic film, deep pour soil, and then cover the plastic film, so that the ground temperature exceeds 60 °C, so as to achieve the effect of high temperature insecticides and eggs of Liriomyza sativae. 3.4 Chemical Control 1 Master the medication time. General control effect is obvious in young larvae. Usually, the plants are sprayed with 2 to 4 leaves at the seedling stage or 3 to 5 larvae on one leaf. The control of adult larvae is generally best before the morning morning dew, and the control larvae generally have the best application effect from 8:30 am to 11:00 am. 2 Select high-efficiency, low-toxic, low-residue chemical pesticides. 1.8% Harmonic Emulsion 3 000 times; 98% wettable Bataan 2 000 times; 50% fly Aphid 2 000 times; Afordin 800 times; ; 90% WP insecticide single 800 times; 80% dichlorvos EC 1000 times and so on. Pay attention to the use of various agents in rotation to avoid drug resistance. 3 trapping adult worms. During the overwintering period of adult emergence, some plants were spotted with a decoy killer. The lure agent was induced by sweet potato or carrot boiling liquid, and 0.05% trichlorfon wettable powder was used as a poison. Spray once every 5 days or so, spray a total of 5 to 6 times. 4 eliminate larvae. When the larvae dipped in the tunnel, it was the first time that the drug was applied. The focus was on the back of the leaves. The treatment was repeated once every 7 to 10 days, and the treatment was performed 2 or 3 times. Commonly used agents have the ability to absorb insecticides or 40% dimethoate EC 1 000 times. This kills larvae lurking in the leaves. 5 The field adopts "six unifications" measures. Unified command, unified time, unified pharmaceuticals, unified dispensing, uniform application, and unified inspection. The application of pesticides from the planning and control area around the center to surround the application of the method. 6 Take advantage of the phototaxis of Liriomyza sativae. Liriomyza is particularly fond of feeding and spawning on bean pods, followed by Chinese cabbage. A row of dwarf beans and pakchoi can be planted at the front of the greenhouse. In the morning, the front of the greenhouse will be rolled up with a height of 1 meter. The spotted fly will fly to the front of the light and fall on its favorite food. , spawning and inhabiting plants. When all of the cold-resistant bedding or straw curtains are uncovered, immediately kill the adults with enemy-killed or pungent and highly effective contact pesticides, and appropriately increase the concentration, and spray the plants on the front of the greenhouse, such as navy beans. Repeat spraying several times every 5 days. It can kill almost all the adults of the leafminer in the greenhouse, and it does not produce phytotoxicity to vegetables.
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