Under drought conditions, formula fertilization can make the fertilizers mix properly and, under adverse conditions, play the best fertilization effect.
Du Shihui, a professor at Northwest A&F University, believes that most of the orchards currently have less than 1% organic matter, and some orchards are even below 0.5%, which is far from the requirements of abundance gardens. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the amount of base fertilizer.
Du Zhihui suggested that under the condition of insufficient organic matter, the appropriate pursuit of nitrogen fertilizer can improve the photosynthetic performance of the leaves, thereby increasing the accumulation level of photosynthetic products in the tree and playing the role of “nitrogen-increasing carbonâ€. The accumulation of photosynthetic products in turn promotes the growth of roots and improves the absorption capacity of roots. The thin tree is thin and the flower buds are difficult to form, which are related to the carbon and nitrogen metabolism levels of the plants. Therefore, an appropriate increase in the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogen to increase carbon, nitrogen fertilizer open circuit is an effective measure to form a yield of thin orchard and strong trees.
Nitrogen should be adapted to local conditions. Generally, 10-15 days of fertilizer begins to take effect after spring nitrogen recovery. Generally, summer is 5-7 days, and autumn is between the two. This is mainly due to soil organic matter level and adsorption capacity. After 20 days of general topdressing (high temperature season), the fertilizer effect is not very significant. The organic matter content is low, the soil with poor fertility is poor, the nutrients are dripping seriously with water, the effective period of fertilizer is shorter, and the soil denitrification is often caused during the rainy season in July-August. Therefore, the topdressing of the mountain sand should be applied in a small amount, so that the nutrient in the water can penetrate into the concentrated distribution layer of the root system. After the rainy season, a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer can be applied to compensate for the leaching loss.
Du Zhihui said that when the pH value is above 7.5, the effective phosphorus content in the soil is generally low, and the fruit trees are often difficult to form flowers due to the lack of phosphorus. (earth application or top dressing) is indispensable for early fruit yield, and the application of phosphate fertilizer in soil is easy to fix. Therefore, it is best to mix it with high-quality organic fertilizer rich in nutrients. Top dressing is best done in the tree tray, immediately gently stroke, mix the fertilizer, and then water. When the tree is covered with grass, it can be applied directly to the grass and then washed down with water; or the corner of the grass can be sprinkled on the soil surface, then watered and washed, and then the grass can be covered.
Emphasis on the application of medium and trace element fertilizers. Micro-fertilizer refers to fertilizers containing medium and trace elements that affect the growth and development of fruit trees. Although fruit trees require less of these medium and trace elements, these trace elements contribute to the growth and development of fruit trees. The quality has an important impact, therefore, the production of high-quality high-grade fruit is inseparable from the application of these micro-fertilizers. Focus on the application of boron fertilizer, zinc fertilizer, calcium fertilizer and silicon fertilizer. The main role of boron fertilizer and zinc fertilizer is to increase fruit coloration and improve fruit quality. In specific application: First, pay attention to boron fertilizer and zinc fertilizer should be applied shallowly (into 5-10 cm soil layer) to facilitate root absorption; Second, when the temperature is high, it is beneficial to the absorption of boron fertilizer and zinc fertilizer by the root system. Therefore, the application time is preferably from June to August.
The main role of calcium fertilizer is to increase fruit firmness. Application time: First, 2-3 weeks after flowering, spray 0.5%-1% calcium chloride every 5 days for a total of 2-3 times; second, after fruit harvest, use concentration 3% The calcium chloride is soaked for 20 minutes, which increases the fruit firmness and improves the storability of the fruit. The main function of silicon fertilizer is to enhance the resistance of fruit trees to pests and diseases, improve stress resistance, reduce the fixation of phosphorus in soil, improve the quality of fruit, and apply silicon fertilizer with organic fertilizer.
In addition, according to the growth and development of the tree, timely application of trace element fertilizers such as iron, magnesium and manganese fertilizers to meet the demand for these trace elements.
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Sprinkler irrigation and micro-irrigation automatic control equipment With the development of economy, water resources, energy shortage and labor cost increase, more and more water-saving irrigation systems will adopt automatic control. This article focuses on the advantages and classification of automated irrigation.
The advantages are as follows:
(1) It is possible to truly control the amount of irrigation, irrigation time and irrigation cycle in a timely and appropriate manner, thereby increasing crop yield and significantly improving water utilization.
(2) Saving labor and operating expenses.
(3) The work plan can be arranged conveniently and flexibly, and the management personnel do not have to go to the field at night or other inconvenient time.
(4) Since it can increase the effective working time every day, the initial capital investment in pipelines, pumping stations, etc. can be reduced accordingly.
classification:
First, fully automated irrigation system
The fully automated irrigation system does not require direct human involvement. The pre-programmed control procedures and certain parameters that reflect the water requirements of the crop can automatically open and close the pump for a long time and automatically irrigate in a certain order. The role of the person is simply to adjust the control program and overhaul the control equipment. In this system, in addition to emitters (heads, drip heads, etc.), pipes, fittings, pumps, and motors, it also includes central controllers, automatic valves, sensors (soil moisture sensors, temperature sensors, pressure sensors, water level sensors, and rain sensors). Etc.) and wires.
Second, semi-automatic irrigation system
In the semi-automated irrigation system, no sensors are installed in the field. The irrigation time, irrigation volume and irrigation period are controlled according to pre-programmed procedures, rather than feedback based on crop and soil moisture and meteorological conditions. The degree of automation of such systems is very different. For example, some pump stations implement automatic control, and some pump stations use manual control. Some central controllers are only one timer with simple programming function, and some systems have no central control. The controller, but only some of the sequential switching valves or volume valves are installed on each branch pipe.
Automated irrigation is the trend of the times. In the future water-saving irrigation projects, more and more automated irrigation systems will be applied.
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